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Analysis and design of centrifugal compressor for 10 MWe supercritical CO2 Brayton cycles

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Abstract

The concept of a closed-loop s-CO2 Brayton cycle is highly attractive and promising; however, there is yet a major hurdle to overcome, namely, the designing, developing, and testing of a reasonable size (10 MWe or higher) prototype of an s-CO2 Brayton-cycle-based power gas turbine. In the present paper, two well-known closed-loop s-CO2 Brayton cycles, the simple recuperated and recompression cycles, were reconfigured to generate 10 MW electric power. It was found that the thermal efficiency of simple and recompression cycle was 43.2 %, and 54.2 %, respectively. Further, a 1-D compressor design code was developed by avoiding condensation margin and the Widom region and validated with Eckardt Impeller-A to proceed and design a single-stage s-CO2 impeller for the simple recuperated power cycle. The results show that the diffusion rate along the blades (W2/W1) is fairly high for the designed compressor. Additionally, blade angle distribution and the performance plots were computed by utilizing the developed code and presented for the simple recuperated cycle. Lastly, the 3-D impeller was generated and CFD analysis was performed and the results are reported.

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Abbreviations

C :

Absolute velocity

C p :

Specific heat

C s :

Speed of sound

d :

Diameter

H ad :

Adiabatic head

L axial :

Impeller axial length

ṁ :

Mass flow rate

M :

Absolute mach number

M w :

Relative mach number

N :

Rotational speed

N s :

Specific speed

P :

Pressure

P max :

Maximum pressure of cycle

PR C :

Pressure ratio of compressor

Q :

Volumetric flow rate

r :

Mean radius

S :

Number of splitters

T max :

Maximum temperature of cycle

U :

Mean blade velocity

W :

Magnitude of relative velocity

Ẇ c :

Compressor input power

Ẇ t :

Turbine output power

Ẇ n :

Net power

Ẇ e :

Electric power

Z :

Total number of blades

Z c :

Compressibility factor

α :

Absolute angle

β :

Relative angle

γ :

Specific heat ratio

ε r :

Recuperator effectiveness

η c,s :

Isentropic efficiency of compressor

η Act :

Actual stage isentropic efficiency by considering losses

η t,s :

Isentropic efficiency of turbine

η m :

Mechanical efficiency

η T :

Thermal (cycle) efficiency

μ :

Input work coefficient

π 0,Act :

Actual stagnation pressure ratio of compressor

ρ :

Density

ψ :

Head coefficient

ϕ :

Flow coefficient

Δh act :

Change of actual input enthalpy

Δh 0 :

Change of stagnation enthalpy

Δh 0s :

Isentropic input work

Δh int :

Internal losses

Δh ext :

External losses

0 :

Total property

1 :

Inlet

2 :

Outlet

avg :

Average

err :

Error

h :

Hub

m :

Meridional

s :

Shroud

th :

Throat

w :

Relative

AMC :

Acceleration margin to condensation

AT :

Approach temperature

BMPC :

Bechtel marine propulsion corporation

BWRS :

Benedict-Webb-Rubin modified by Starling and Nushiumi

CSP :

Concentrated solar power

HT :

High temperature

LKP :

Lee-Kesler-Plöcker

LT :

Low temperature

MC :

Main compressor

PCHE :

Printed circuit heat exchanger

PR :

Peng-Robinson

PR-BM :

Peng-Robinson with Boston-Mathias alpha function

RC :

Recompressor

SNL :

Sandia national laboratories

SRK :

Soave-Redlich-Kwong

SW :

Span-Wagner

TAC :

Turbine-alternator-compressor

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Acknowledgments

This research did not receive any specific grant from funding agencies in the public, commercial, or not-for-profit sectors.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Mechanical Engineering, Michigan State University, 428 S. Shaw Lane, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA

    Javad Hosseinpour, Mekuannint Messele & Abraham Engeda

Authors
  1. Javad Hosseinpour
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  2. Mekuannint Messele
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  3. Abraham Engeda
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Javad Hosseinpour.

Additional information

Javad Hosseinpour is a Ph.D. candidate in Mechanical Engineering at Michigan State University. He received his first Master’s in Aerospace Engineering in 2015 and his second in Mechanical engineering in 2019 from Wayne State University. His research interests include turbomachinery, s-CO2 compressor design, CFD simulation, cavitating flows, and combustion.

Mekuannint Messele received his Ph.D. in Mechanical Engineering at Michigan State University in 2021. He also obtained his M.Sc. in Mechanical Engineering at Addis Ababa University in 2010. He has served as the primary lecturer for Turbomachinery and Fluid mechanics courses at Addis Ababa University, Ethiopia, for over five years.

Abraham Engeda is a faculty member in Mechanical Engineering at Michigan State University. He received his Ph.D. in Mechanical Engineering from the University of Hannover in Germany (1987). He has been responsible for turbomachinery research and education at Michigan State University since 1990. His contributions have been in the design of efficient pumps, compressors, and gas turbines as well as the understanding of the complex flow structure in these machines.

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Hosseinpour, J., Messele, M. & Engeda, A. Analysis and design of centrifugal compressor for 10 MWe supercritical CO2 Brayton cycles. J Mech Sci Technol 37, 2607–2621 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12206-023-0435-4

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12206-023-0435-4

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