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Heat transfer enhancement in cold plate based on FVM method and field synergy theory

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Abstract

To optimize the overall heat dissipation performance of the straight channel of a cold plate for lithium battery in vehicles, we used the wavy channel to optimize the structure and uses the face-centered central composite design (FCCCD), which takes the overall thermal-hydraulic performance factor as the response to explore the interaction mechanism of the flow field and temperature field in wavy channel of the cold plate. When the amplitude of the wavy channel is 1 mm and the number of cycles is 4, the overall thermal-hydraulic performance will reach its maximum with an increase of 17.4 % relative to the straight channel. Then, for the coolant, we explored the heat transfer performance of the nanofluid. The heat transfer coefficient of the nanofluid with a volume fraction of 2 % is 117 % higher than that of pure water and does not cause a significant increase in pressure drop.

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Abbreviations

a :

Channel height

A :

Wavy amplitude

A C :

Bottom area of cold plate

b :

Channel width

B :

Channel width

c :

Separator thickness

C pf :

Specific heat capacity of coolant

C pn :

Nanofluid specific heat

C :

Thermal conductivity coefficient

C L :

Modified thermal conductivity coefficient

C 1 :

Hydraulic diameter coefficient

d :

Channel slope

d s :

Spacing

d p :

Diameter of particles

D h :

Hydraulic diameter

f :

Fanning friction factor

f i :

Body force per unit mass acting on the fluid element

j :

Colburn j factor

k :

Fluid thermal conductivity

k d :

The tensor of the dispersed thermal conductivity

k n :

Thermal conductivity of nanofluids

L :

Wave length

L c :

Channel length

L h :

Hydraulic diameter

N u :

Nusselt number

p :

Static pressure

P :

Cycles

P :

Power

P r :

Prandtl number

Q :

Q criterion

r :

Radial coordinate

R :

Radius of a tube

S :

Strain rate tensor

S T :

Viscous dissipation term

t :

Time

T :

Temperature

u in :

Inlet fluid velocity

u i,j,k :

Velocity components in the X, Y and Z directions

U :

Velocity vector

V e :

Volume of characteristic vortex

β :

Overall thermal-hydraulic performance factor (THPF)

ϕ :

Volume fraction of nanoparticle

μ :

Molecular viscosity coefficient

λ :

Bulk viscosity coefficient

Ω :

Vortex tensor

Φ :

Heat flux

ρ :

Fluid density

ρ n :

Nanofluid density

ρ f :

Coolant density

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Acknowledgments

This work did not receive any specific grant from funding agencies in the public, commercial, or not-for-profit sectors.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. State Key Laboratory of Automotive Simulation and Control, Jilin University, Changchun, 130022, China

    Xingjun Hu, Yu Liu, Wei Yan, Jinglong Zhang, Jingyu Wang, Wei Lan, Tao Sang & Tianming Yu

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  1. Xingjun Hu
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  2. Yu Liu
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  3. Wei Yan
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  4. Jinglong Zhang
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  5. Jingyu Wang
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  8. Tianming Yu
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Correspondence to Jingyu Wang.

Additional information

Jingyu Wang is a Professor at the College of Automotive Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, China. He received his Ph.D. in Automotive Engineering from Jilin University. His research interests include aerodynamics, heat transfer, and nanofluids.

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Hu, X., Liu, Y., Yan, W. et al. Heat transfer enhancement in cold plate based on FVM method and field synergy theory. J Mech Sci Technol 35, 2035–2047 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12206-021-0420-8

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12206-021-0420-8

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