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Numerical comparative study on the performance of open photoacoustic cells

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Abstract

An open photoacoustic cell has the merit of not having to frequently disassemble and reassemble to fill up with the gas, compared to the closed counterpart, whereas it has the demerit of causing acoustic radiation losses through the openings. In this paper, we have performed numerical simulations on three different types of open photoacoustic cells, H-type and T-type resonant cells and Helmholtz cell, made by attaching a couple of pipe-shaped extensions to both openings with the intent to lessen the acoustic losses and simultaneously understand the geometrical effect of the opening extensions on their performance. For the numerical study, the perturbed forms of the continuity equation, Navier-Stokes equation, energy equation, and equation of state are solved for the quality factor, acoustic pressure and resonance frequency to evaluate the performance. To predict the acoustic losses through the openings, the computational domain for the measurement of acoustic pressure is extended out of the cells. Results show that the geometrical effect of the opening extensions on the performance varies greatly with the type of open cell. In particular, the H-type open cell is the most desirable choice among the three types because of its high acoustic pressure response and enhanced quality factor. We believe that the results of this study would help us select the right type of open cell required for various practical applications.

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Abbreviations

a :

Absorption coefficient

C p :

Specific heat at constant pressure

c s :

Speed of sound

D a :

Diameter of the absorbing cylinder

D b :

Diameter of the buffer cylinder

D r :

Diameter of the resonator cylinder

D o :

Diameter of the opening

f 1 :

Resonance frequency on the 1st mode

f res :

Helmholtz resonance frequency

I :

Identity matrix

I 0 :

Power of the laser

i :

Imaginary unit

k :

Thermal conductivity

L :

(Effective) length of the duct

L a :

Length of the absorbing cylinder

L b :

Length of the buffer cylinder

L r :

Length of the resonator

L 0 :

Length of the opening extension

m :

Constant term (experimentally obtained)

p :

Pressure

p t :

Pressure in the outer computational domain

Q :

Heat source by laser

Q j :

Quality factor on the j-th mode

R :

Radial coordinate

r d :

Radius of the duct

T :

Temperature

t :

Time

u :

Velocity

w :

Waist of the laser beam

α 0 :

Linear thermal expansion coefficient

β T :

Isothermal compressibility

μ :

Dynamic viscosity

μ B :

Bulk viscosity

ρ 0 :

Mass density

ω :

Angular frequency of laser

0:

Variables in equilibrium

′ (prime):

Original variables

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Acknowledgments

This research has been financially supported by the Basic Science Research Programs through the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) funded by the Ministry of Education (2020R1I1A3070105).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Mechanical Engineering, Dong-A University, Busan, 49315, Korea

    Joshua Fernandes, Sangmo Kang & Madhusoodanan Mannoor

Authors
  1. Joshua Fernandes
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  2. Sangmo Kang
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  3. Madhusoodanan Mannoor
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Sangmo Kang.

Additional information

Recommended by Editor Yang Na

Joshua Fernandes received his B.E. from St. Joseph Engineering College, Karnataka, India in 2017. Currently he is pursuing integrated Master’s and Ph.D. in the Department of Mechanical Engineering at Dong-A University, Busan, Republic of Korea. His research interests are in the area of plasmonics, photothermal heating and photoacoustics.

Sangmo Kang received his B.S. and M.S. degrees from Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea in 1981 and 1987, respectively, and then worked for five years in Daewoo Heavy Industries, Incheon, Republic of Korea as a field engineer. He obtained his Ph.D. in Mechanical Engineering from the University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA in 1996. Dr. Kang is currently a Professor in the Department of Mechanical Engineering at Dong-A University, Busan, Republic of Korea. His research interests are in the area of micro and nanofluidics, turbulent flow and photoacoustics combined with the computational fluid dynamics.

Madhusoodanan Mannoor received his B.Tech. and M.Tech. degrees from Kerala University and National Institute of Technology, Calicut, India in 2004 and 2007, respectively. Then he worked for four years as a field engineer in Nuclear Power Corporation of India Limited and subsequently as an Assistant Professor in the Department of Mechanical Engineering, at Government Engineering College, Kannur, India. He received his Ph.D. in Mechanical Engineering at Dong-A University, Busan, Republic of Korea in 2018. His research interests are in the field of photoacoustics, computational fluid dynamics and molecular dynamics.

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Fernandes, J., Kang, S. & Mannoor, M. Numerical comparative study on the performance of open photoacoustic cells. J Mech Sci Technol 35, 1473–1485 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12206-021-0313-x

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12206-021-0313-x

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