Abstract
A simple and effective approach based on refined plate theory (RPT) is proposed to study the static and free vibration characteristics of functionally graded CNT-reinforced composite (FG-CNTRC) plates. Compared to traditional higher order shear deformation theories (HSDTs), the proposed method shows more efficient for FG-CNTRC plates analysis. To solve the C1-continuity requirement of the RPT, we used isogeometric analysis (IGA) to approximate the displacement field, which shows more advantages than the FEA, since it can construct higher-order elements without additional variables. This is an advantage for plate structural analysis because more variables make the calculation cumbersome. Finally, four types of FG-CNTRC plates were investigated and the results show the accuracy and efficiency of the proposed method.
Similar content being viewed by others
Abbreviations
- ρ m :
-
Density of the matrix
- ρ CNT :
-
Density of the matrix and the CNTs
- E CNT :
-
Young’s moduli of the CNTs
- G CNT12 :
-
Shear modulus of the CNTs
- E m :
-
Young’s modulus of the matrix
- G m :
-
Shear modulus of the matrix
- n :
-
Efficiency parameters
- V CNT :
-
Volume fractions of the CNTs
- V m :
-
Volume fractions of the matrix
- ε :
-
Strain tensor
- u :
-
Displacement vector
- m :
-
Mass matrix
- N 0 :
-
Pre-buckling loads
- Ni,p :
-
B-spline basic function
- R ij :
-
NURBS basic function
- λcr :
-
Bucking load parameter
- K :
-
Global stiffness matrix
- K g :
-
Geometric stiffness matrix
- F :
-
Load vector
- M :
-
Global mass matrix
- \(\overline {\rm{w}} \) :
-
Non-dimensional central deflection
- \({\overline \sigma _{xx}}\) :
-
Non-dimensional central axial stress
- \(\overline \omega \) :
-
Non-dimensional frequency parameter
- \(\overline {{P_{cr}}} \) :
-
Critical buckling load factor
References
S. Iijima, Helical microtubules of graphitic carbon, Nature, 354 (6348) (1991) 56–58.
B. P. Singh, D. Singh, R. B. Mathur and T. L. Dhami, Influence of surface modified MWCNTs on the mechanical, electrical and thermal properties of polyimide nanocomposites, Nanoscale Research Letters, 3 (11) (2008) 444–453.
T. Laha and A. Agarwal, Effect of sintering on thermally sprayed carbon nanotube reinforced aluminum nanocomposite, Materials Science and Engineering A-Structural Materials Properties Microstructure and Processing, 480 (1–2 (2008) 323–332.
K. M. Liew, X. Q. He and C. H. Wong, On the study of elastic and plastic properties of multi-walled carbon nanotubes under axial tension using molecular dynamics simulation, Acta Materialia, 52 (9) (2004) 2521–2527.
J. Bernholc, D. Brenner, M. B. Nardelli, V. Meunier and C. Roland, Mechanical and electrical properties of nanotubes, Annual Review of Materials Research, 32 (2002) 347–375.
S. Zhao, Z. Zheng, Z. Huang, S. Dong, P. Luo, Z. Zhang and Y. Wang, Cu matrix composites reinforced with aligned carbon nanotubes: Mechanical, electrical and thermal properties, Materials Science and Engineering A-Structural Materials Properties Microstructure and Processing, 675 (2016) 82–91.
C. Wu and Y. Liu, A review of semi-analytical numerical methods for laminated composite and multilayered functionally graded elastic/piezoelectric plates and shells, Composite Structures, 147 (2016) 1–15.
J. Jyoti, S. Basu, B. P. Singh and S. R. Dhakate, Superior mechanical and electrical properties of multiwall carbon nanotube reinforced acrylonitrile butadiene styrene high performance composites, Composites Part B-Engineering, 83 (2015) 58–65.
F. Ogawa, S. Yamamoto and C. Masuda, Strong, ductile, and thermally conductive carbon nanotube-reinforced aluminum matrix composites fabricated by ball-milling and hot extrusion of powders encapsulated in aluminum containers, Materials Science and Engineering A-Structural Materials Properties Microstructure and Processing, 711 (2018) 460–469.
J. N. Reddy, A simple higher-order theory for laminated composite plates, Journal of Applied Mechanics-Transactions of the ASME, 51 (4) (1984) 745–752.
C. K. Hirwani, S. K. Panda, T. R. Mahapatra, S. K. Mandal, S. S. Mahapatra and A. K. De, Delamination effect on flexural responses of layered curved shallow shell panel-experimental and numerical analysis, International Journal of Computational Methods, 15 (4) (2018).
C. K. Hirwani, S. K. Panda, S. S. Mahapatra, S. K. Mandal, L. Srivastava and M. K. Buragohain, Flexural strength of delaminated composite plate — an experimental validation, International J of Damage Mechanics, 27 (2) (2018) 296–329.
C. K. Hirwani, S. Biswash, K. Mehar and S. K. Panda, Numerical flexural strength analysis of thermally stressed delaminated composite structure under sinusoidal loading, IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering, 338 (2018).
H. K. Pandey, C. K. Hirwani, N. Sharma, P. V. Katariya, H. C. Dewangan and S. K. Panda, Effect of nano glass cenosphere filler on hybrid composite eigenfrequency responses — an FEM approach and experimental verification, Advances in Nano Research, 7 (6) (2019) 419–429.
S. S. Sahoo, C. K. Hirwani, S. K. Panda and D. Sen, Numerical analysis of vibration and transient behaviour of laminated composite curved shallow shell structure: An experimental validation, Scientia Iranica, 25 (4) (2018) 2218–2232.
C. K. Hirwani and S. K. Panda, Numerical nonlinear frequency analysis of pre-damaged curved layered composite structure using higher-order finite element method, International Journal of Non-Linear Mechanics, 102 (2018) 14–24.
C. K. Hirwani and S. K. Panda, Nonlinear thermal free vibration frequency analysis of delaminated shell panel using FEM, Composite Structures, 224 (2019).
C. K. Hirwani, T. R. Mahapatra, S. K. Panda, S. S. Sahoo, V. K. Singh and B. K. Patle, Nonlinear free vibration analysis of laminated carbon/epoxy curved panels, Defence Science Journal, 67 (2) (2017) 207–218.
N. R. Senthilnathan, S. P. Lim, K. H. Lee and S. T. Chow, Buckling of shear-deformable plates, AIAA Journal, 25 (9) (1987) 1268–1271.
R. P. Shimpi, Refined plate theory and its variants, AIAA Journal, 40 (1) (2002) 137–146.
R. P. Shimpi and H. G. Patel, A two variable refined plate theory for orthotropic plate analysis, International Journal of Solids and Structures, 43 (22–23 (2006) 6783–6799.
R. P. Shimpi and H. G. Patel, Free vibrations of plate using two variable refined plate theory, Journal of Sound and Vibration, 296 (4–5 (2006) 979–999.
Y. M. Ghugal and R. P. Shimpi, A review of refined shear deformation theories of isotropic and anisotropic laminated plates, Journal of Reinforced Plastics and Composites, 21 (9) (2002) 775–813.
H. X. Nguyen, T. N. Nguyen, M. Abdel-Wahab, S. P. A. Bordas, H. Nguyen-Xuan and T. P. Vo, A refined quasi-3D isogeometric analysis for functionally graded microplates based on the modified couple stress theory, Computer Methods in Applied Mechanics and Engineering, 313 (2017) 904–940.
L. V. Tran, T. Nguyen-Thoi, C. H. Thai and H. Nguyen-Xuan, An Edge-Based smoothed discrete shear gap method using the C-0-Type higher-order shear deformation theory for analysis of laminated composite plates, Mechanics of Advanced Materials and Structures, 22 (4) (2015) 248–268.
P. Phung-Van, T. Nguyen-Thoi, L. V. Tran and H. Nguyen-Xuan, A cell-based smoothed discrete shear gap method (CS-DSG3) based on the C-0-type higher-order shear deformation theory for static and free vibration analyses of functionally graded plates, Computational Materials Science, 79 (2013) 857–872.
C. H. Thai, L. V. Tran, D. T. Tran, T. Nguyen-Thoi and H. Nguyen-Xuan, Analysis of laminated composite plates using higher-order shear deformation plate theory and node-based smoothed discrete shear gap method, Applied Mathematical Modelling, 36 (11) (2012) 5657–5677.
J. N. Reddy, Analysis of functionally graded plates, International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering, 47 (1–3 (2000) 663–684.
T. Hughes, J. A. Cottrell and Y. Bazilevs, Isogeometric analysis: CAD, finite elements, NURBS, exact geometry and mesh refinement, Computer Methods in Applied Mechanics and Engineering, 194 (39–41 (2005) 4135–4195.
F. L. Sun, C. Y. Dong and H. S. Yang, Isogeometric boundary element method for crack propagation based on Bezier extraction of NURBS, Engineering Analysis with Boundary Elements, 99 (2019) 76–88.
C. Im and S. Youn, The generation of 3D trimmed elements for NURBS-Based isogeometric analysis, International Journal of Computational Methods, 15 (7) (2018).
T. Uhm and S. Youn, T-spline finite element method for the analysis of shell structures, International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering, 80 (4) (2009) 507–536.
H. Kang, J. Xu, F. Chen and J. Deng, A new basis for PHT-splines, Graphical Models, 82 (2015) 149–159.
J. A. Cottrell, T. J. R. Hughes and Y. Bazilevs, Isogeometric Analysis: Toward Integration of CAD and FEA, John Wiley & Sons (2009).
O. Pekovic, S. Stupar, A. Simonovic, J. Svorcan and D. Komarov, Isogeometric bending analysis of composite plates based on a higher-order shear deformation theory, Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology, 28 (8) (2014) 3153–3162.
P. Yuan, Z. Liu and J. Tan, Shape error analysis of functional surface based on isogeometrical approach, Chinese J of Mechanical Engineering, 30 (3) (2017) 544–552.
Z. Liu, C. Wang, G. Duan and J. Tan, A new refined plate theory with isogeometric approach for the static and buckling analysis of functionally graded plates, International Journal of Mechanical Sciences, 161–162 (2019).
J. Li, Z. Shi and S. Ning, A two-dimensional consistent approach for static and dynamic analyses of uniform beams, Engineering Analysis with Boundary Elements, 82 (2017) 1–16.
Q. X. Lieu, S. Lee, J. Kang and J. Lee, Bending and free vibration analyses of in-plane bi-directional functionally graded plates with variable thickness using isogeometric analysis, Composite Structures, 192 (2018) 434–451.
T. D. Hien and H. Noh, Stochastic isogeometric analysis of free vibration of functionally graded plates considering material randomness, Computer Methods in Applied Mechanics and Engineering, 318 (2017) 845–863.
S. Thai, N. Kim and J. Lee, Free vibration analysis of cable structures using isogeometric approach, International Journal of Computational Methods, 14 (3) (2017).
C. H. Thai, V. N. V. Do and H. Nguyen-Xuan, An improved Moving Kriging-based meshfree method for static, dynamic and buckling analyses of functionally graded isotropic and sandwich plates, Engineering Analysis with Boundary Elements, 64 (2016) 122–136.
T. Le-Manh, Q. Huynh-Van, T. D. Phan, H. D. Phan and H. Nguyen-Xuan, Isogeometric nonlinear bending and buckling analysis of variable-thickness composite plate structures, Composite Structures, 159 (2017) 818–826.
P. Phung-Van, M. Abdel-Wahab, K. M. Liew, S. P. A. Bordas and H. Nguyen-Xuan, Lsogeometric analysis of functionally graded carbon nanotube-reinforced composite plates using higher-order shear deformation theory, Composite Structures, 123 (2015) 137–149.
C. H. Thai, A. J. M. Ferreira, T. Rabczuk and H. Nguyen-Xuan, A naturally stabilized nodal integration meshfree formulation for carbon nanotube-reinforced composite plate analysis, Engineering Analysis with Boundary Elements, 92 (2018) 136–155.
A. Sankar, S. Natarajan, T. Ben Zineb and M. Ganapathi, Investigation of supersonic flutter of thick doubly curved sandwich panels with CNT reinforced facesheets using higher-order structural theory, Composite Structures, 127 (2015) 340–355.
T. Nguyen-Quoc, S. Nguyen-Hoai and D. Mai-Duc, An edge-based smoothed discrete shear gap method for static and free vibration analyses of FG-CNTRC plates, International Journal of Computational Methods, 16 (4) (2019).
P. Zhu, Z. X. Lei and K. M. Liew, Static and free vibration analyses of carbon nanotube-reinforced composite plates using finite element method with first order shear deformation plate theory, Composite Structures, 94 (4) (2012) 1450–1460.
Y. Han and J. Elliott, Molecular dynamics simulations of the elastic properties of polymer/carbon nanotube composites, Computational Materials Science, 39 (2) (2007) 315–323.
C. Zhang and H. Shen, Temperature-dependent elastic properties of single-walled carbon nanotubes: Prediction from molecular dynamics simulation, Applied Physics Letters, 89 (0819048) (2006).
Acknowledgments
This work was supported in part by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant 51935009 and U1608256, in part by National Science and Technology Major Project of the Ministry of Science and Technology of China under Grant 2018ZX04020-001, and in part by the Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province under Grant Y19E050078.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
Zhenyu Liu received the B.S. and Ph.D. in Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China, in 1996 and 2002, respectively. He is currently a Professor of Mechanical Engineering and State Key Laboratory of CAD&CG, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China. His current research interests include virtual prototyping, virtual-reality-based simulation, machine vision and robotics.
Chuang Wang is a student in the State Key Laboratory of Fluid Power & Mechatronic Systems of Zhejiang University. His fields of interest are in product intelligent design, numerical calculation in engineering, 4D printing.
Guifang Duan received the Doctorate in lntegrated Science and Engineering from Ritsumeikan University, Kyoto, Japan, in 2009. He is currently an Associate Professor of Engineering and Computer Graphics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China. His research interests include virtual-reality-based simulation and machine learning.
Jianrong Tan is an academician of China Engineering Academy and is currently a Professor at Zhejiang University, China. His main research interests include mechanical design theory, virtual prototyping and CAX method.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Liu, Z., Wang, C., Duan, G. et al. Isogeometric analysis of functionally graded CNT-reinforced composite plates based on refined plate theory. J Mech Sci Technol 34, 3687–3700 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12206-020-0821-0
Received:
Revised:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12206-020-0821-0