Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Analysis of component damage probability of a small engine based on penetration experiments and M & S

  • Original Article
  • Published:
Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

In ground combat systems, vulnerability assessment refers to the determination of the degree of loss in the combat system’s functions after an enemy attack, and under such scenarios, it is essential to improve the combat system and its operator’s survival rate. The vulnerability of a component can be expressed as the probability of losing its unique function when it is hit. However, numerous penetration experiments are required to calculate component damage probability due to which the process becomes costly, time consuming, and dangerous. To address these issues, a component damage probability analysis program (CODAP) based on modeling & simulation (M & S) has been developed. CODAP uses 3D models of target components as input and uses mathematical models, such as penetration and deflection equations to calculate component damage probability. In this study, the procedure for calculating component damage probability via CODAP and the validity of the included mathematical models are verified against actual penetration experiments. The target was a small single cylinder engine and it was hit using 7.62 mm AP bullets. Five high-velocity and low-velocity hit points were selected for a total of 10 penetration experiments. After completing the penetration experiments, the operability of the target component and shotline were evaluated by disassembling the component. Finally, the validity of CODAP was verified by comparing experimental penetration results and CODAP calculation results with a particular focus on the shotline and component damage probability.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

Abbreviations

P S KIH :

Damage probability of weapon system

P K/H :

Damage probability of component

P k/sh :

Damage probability of component of each shotline

V R :

Residual velocity

V i :

Initial velocity

References

  1. M. J. Forrestal, T. Børvik and T. L. Warren, Perforation of 7075-T651 aluminum armor plates with 7.62 mm APM2 bullets, Experimental Mechanics, 50 (8) (2010) 1245–1251.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  2. D. L. Littlefield, C. E. Anderson Jr., Y. Partem and S. J. Bless, The penetration of steel targets finite in radial extent, International Journal of Impact Engineering, 19 (1) (1997) 49–62.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  3. M. H. Nam, K. Park, W. S. Park and C. Yoo, The vulnerability assessment of hydro-pneumatic suspension of ground combat vehicles using vulnerable area method and DMEA, Korean Journal of Computational Design and Engineering, 22 (2) (2017) 141–149.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  4. M. A. G. Silva, C. Cismasiu and C. G. Chiorean, Numerical simulation of ballistic impact on composite laminates, International Journal of Impact Engineering, 31 (3) (2005) 289–306.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  5. J. S. Yang, Y. J. Choi, K. T. Lee and C. G. Jee, The study of vulnerability assessment method using fuzzy-theory in conceptual design phase of combat aircraft, The Korean Society for Aeronautical and Space Sciences (2012) 812–817.

    Google Scholar 

  6. P. R. Schlegel, R. E. Shear and M. S. Taylor, A Fuzzy Set Approach to Vulnerability Analysis, Army Ballistic Research Laboratory, BRL-TR-2697 (1985).

    Google Scholar 

  7. R. W. Fleming, Vulnerability Assessment Using a Fuzzy Logic based Method, No. AFIT/GCE/ENG/93D-03, Air Force Inst of Tech Wright-Patterson AFB OH School of Engineering (1993).

    Google Scholar 

  8. M. G. Hartmann and P. E. Magnusson, Component impact kill criteria: An experimental study, Journal of Battlefield Technology, 13 (2) (2010).

    Google Scholar 

  9. M. H. Son, Core Technologies of High-Performance Tactical Aircraft; Combat Survivability and Stealth Technology, Aerospace Industry Research Institute, Sejong University (2012).

    Google Scholar 

  10. S. H. Moon, Complementary use of simulation and experimental methods in deriving Pcd/h for target components, Journal of Battlefield Technology, 17 (3) (2014).

    Google Scholar 

  11. P. C. Dykstra, The BRL-CAD Package: An Overview, Army Research Laboratory, ARL-RP-432 (2013).

    Google Scholar 

  12. ITT Corporation, COVART 6.0: User’s Manual ITT Corporation, Report No. JASPO-M-07-03-013 (2009).

  13. L. A. Butler, E. W. Edwards and D. L. Kregel, BRL-CAD Tutorial Series: Volume III-Principles of Effective Modeling, Army Research Laboratory, ARL-SR-119 (2003).

    Google Scholar 

  14. J. R. Anderson and E. W. Edwards, BRL-CAD Tutorial Series: Volume IV Converting Geometry between BRL-CAD and Other Formats, Army Research Laboratory, ARL-SR-121 (2004).

    Google Scholar 

  15. M. R. Driels, Weaponeering: Conventional Weapon System Effectiveness, 2nd Edition, AIAA Press (2012).

    Google Scholar 

  16. C. Yoo, K. Park and S. Y. Choi, The vulnerability assessment of ground combat vehicles using target functional modeling and FTA, International Journal of Precision Engineering and Manufacturing, 17 (5) (2016) 651–658.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  17. C. Yoo, E. S. Jang, K. Park and S. Y. Choi, The target modeling and the shot line analysis system to assess vulnerability of the ground combat vehicle, Korean Journal of Computational Design and Engineering, 20 (3) (2015) 238–245.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  18. C. Yapp, Interactive Raytracing: The Nirt Command, Army Research Laboratory (2009).

    Book  Google Scholar 

  19. J. G. Shin and K. Park, Penetration Analysis on Oblique Impacts of a Bullet using ANSYS, Myongji University (2018).

    Google Scholar 

  20. A. H. Cho and K. Park, Estimation of penetration equation parameters by comparing numerical analysis and experimental results, Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology, 32 (12) (2018) 5755–5765.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  21. J. G. Shin and K. Park, Estimation of exit angle for oblique penetration using numerical analysis, Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology, 32 (12) (10218) 5767–5776.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  22. K. S. Kim and J. H. Lee, Integrated survivability assessment given multiple penetration hits, Journal of Ocean Engineering and Technology, 28 (1) (2014) 69–76.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  23. K. S. Kim, J. H. Lee and S. Y. Hwang, Simplified vulnerability assessment procedure for the warship based on the vulnerable area approach, Journal of the Society of Naval Architects of Korea, 48 (5) (2011) 404–413.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  24. H. G. Hwang, J. W. Lee, J. S. Lee and J. S. Park, A development of 3D penetration analysis program for survivability analysis of combat system: Focused on tank model, Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering, 19 (1) (2015) 244–250.

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgments

This work is supported by a research program (The Specialized Research Center for the Future Ground System) funded by the Agency of Defense Development of Korea and we appreciate it.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, Myongji Univ., Yongin, Korea

    Hyung Chul Kim, Kang Park, Myung Hoon Nam & Woo Sung Park

Authors
  1. Hyung Chul Kim
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Kang Park
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Myung Hoon Nam
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Woo Sung Park
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Kang Park.

Additional information

Recommended by Editor Seungjae Min

Kim, Hyung Chul received the B.S. and M.S. degrees from Myongji University, South Korea. His research interests include CAD / CAM, reverse engineering, machine design, modeling and simulation, operability analysis and vulnerability assessment of ground combat vehicle.

Park, Kang received the B.S. and M.S. degrees from Seoul National University, and received his Ph.D. from Pennsylvania State University. He is currently a Professor at the Department of Mechanical Engineering at Myongji University, South Korea. His research interests include CAD/CAM, reverse engineering, virtual reality, computer graphics and machine design, and modeling and simulation.

Nam, Myung Hoon received the B.S. and M.S. degrees from Myongji University, South Korea. His research interests include CAD / CAM, reverse engineering, machine design, modeling and simulation, and vulnerability assessment of ground combat vehicle.

Park, Woo Sung received the B.S. and M.S. degrees from Myongji University, South Korea. His research interests include CAD / CAM, computer graphics, machine design, modeling and simulation, and robotics.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Kim, H.C., Park, K., Nam, M.H. et al. Analysis of component damage probability of a small engine based on penetration experiments and M & S. J Mech Sci Technol 34, 765–775 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12206-020-0125-4

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Revised:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12206-020-0125-4

Keywords

Search

Navigation