Abstract
In the present study, to characterize material behavior of an ammonium perchlorate - hydroxyl terminated polybutadiene (AP-HTPB) base composite solid propellant, tension tests were performed with various temperatures and strain rates. Stress relaxation tests were also carried out at various temperatures to determine the tensile modulus of the material. In addition to these tests, three types of cyclic tests and dilatation test were carried out to identify the effect of internal damage evolution to the material response. From the results of three cyclic tests, Mullins effect was observed, and from the dilatation test, volumetric damage incurred by de-bonding between the filler and matrix material was observed as well. Based on such findings, a viscoelastic constitutive modeling with the Mullins effect and damage is proposed. Numerical simulations with the newly proposed damage model reproduced the experimental findings at various test conditions fairly well. It was found out that the proposed viscoelastic constitutive model could be used to efficiently characterize the material response of the solid propellant depending on various strain rates and temperatures according to the present study.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
H. Trumel, A. Dragon, A. Fanger and P. Lambert, A constitutive model for the dynamic and high-pressure behavior of a propellant-like material: Part I: Experimental background and general structure of the model, Int. J. Numer. Anal. Meth. Geomech., 25 (6) (2001) 551–579.
H. Trumel, A. Dragon, A. Fanger and P. Lambert, A constitutive model for the dynamic and high-pressure behavior of a propellant-like material: Part II: Model development and applications, Int. J. Numer. Anal. Meth. Geomech., 25 (6) (2001) 581–603.
G. D. Jung and S. K. Youn, A nonlinear viscoelastic constitutive model of solid propellant, Int. J. Solids Structures, 36 (25) (1999) 3755–3777.
R. W. Ogden and D. G. Roxburgh, A pseudo-elastic model for the Mullins effect in filled rubber, Proc. R. Soc. Lond., A 455 (1999) 2861–2877.
F. Xu, N. Aravas and P. Sofronis, Constitutive modeling of solid propellant materials with evolving microstructural damage, J. Mech. Phys. Solids, 56 (5) (2008) 2050–2073.
Ş. Özüpek and E. B. Becker, Constitutive equations for solid propellants, J. Eng. Mat. Tech., 119 (2) (1997) 125–132.
J. Xu, X. Chen, H. Wang, J. Zheng and C. Zhou, Thermodamage- viscoelastic constitutive model of HTPB composite propellant, Int. J. Solids Structures, 51 (18) (2014) 3209–3217.
J. D. Ferry, Mechanical properties of substances of high molecular weight; VI. Dispersion in concentrated polymer solutions and its dependence on temperature and concentration, J. Amer. Chem. Soc., 72 (8) (1950) 3746–3752.
F. Schwarzl and A. J. Staverman, Time-temperature dependence of linear viscoelastic behavior, J. Appl. Phys., 23 (8) (1952) 838–843.
M. L. Williams, R. F. Landel and J. D. Ferry, The temperature dependence of relaxation mechanisms in amorphous polymers and other glass-forming liquids, J. Amer. Chem. Soc., 77 (14) (1955) 3701–3707.
M. Coillard, Numerical Modeling of Non-linear Mechanical Behavior in Solid Propellants, Master Thesis, Lulea Univ. of Tech., Sweden (2011).
O. Mejia, Investigation of the Near Surface Mechanical Properties of Ammonium Perchlorate by Nanoindentation, Master Thesis, Oklahoma State Univ, USA (2004).
S. M. Peiris, G. I. Pangilinan and T. P. Russell, Structural properties of ammonium perchlorate compressed to 5.6 GPa, J. Phys. Chem. A, 104 (47) (2000) 11188–11193.
Z. Cao, Q. Zhou, S. Jie and B. G. Li, High cis-1,4 Hydroxyl- terminated polybutadiene-based polyurethanes with extremely low glass transition temperature and excellent mechanical properties, Ind. Eng. Chem. Res., 55 (6) (2016) 1582–1589.
L. L. Shen, Z. B. Shen, H. Y. Li and Z. Y. Zhang, A Voronoi cell finite element method for estimating effective mechanical properties of composite solid propellants, J. Mech. Sci. Tech., 31 (11) (2017) 5377–5385.
H. Khajehsaeid, J. Arghavani, R. Naghdabadi and S. Sohrabpour, A visco-hyperelastic constitutive model for rubber-like materials: A rate-dependent relaxation time scheme, Int. J. Eng. Sci., 79 (2014) 44–58.
O. H. Yeoh, Some forms of the strain energy function for rubber, Rubber Chem. Tech., 66 (5) (1993) 754–771.
S. H. Kim and Y. T. Im, Mathematical modeling of time dependent material behavior with direct time discretization of Volterra integral equation, Proc. of Int. Sym. of Prec. Eng. Sustainable Manuf., Sapporo, Japan (2018) OP027.
Acknowledgements
The authors wish to thank for the support of the propulsion system division of the agency for defense development without which this work was not possible.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
Recommended by Associate Editor Heung Soo Kim
Shin-Hoe Kim is a Senior Research Scientist at the Propulsion System Division of the Agency for Defense Development since 1997. He is interested in materials research of the solid propellant.
Yong-Taek Im is interested in modeling the material behavior and materials processing technologies. He is working at the Computer Aided Materials Processing Laboratory at the Department of Mechanical Engineering at KAIST since 1989.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Kim, SH., Im, YT. Experimental study of material behavior of AP-HTPB base composite solid propellant. J Mech Sci Technol 33, 3355–3361 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12206-019-0630-5
Received:
Revised:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12206-019-0630-5