Abstract
Tungsten carbide cobalt coatings are widely employed for fabricating the parts used in corrosive and abrasive environments. The coatings are often deposited on substrates via high velocity oxygen fuel spraying, which are relatively hard and brittle and difficult to machine. This work systematically investigated the effect of high speed grinding conditions on the removal characteristics and machinability of WC-10Co-4Cr coatings. The wheel speed was found to have significant effect on grinding force and temperature. The subsurface damage could be considerably reduced when the grinding conditions were judiciously selected. The high speed grinding process being developed produced a satisfactory subsurface damage layer of smaller than 15 mm without spalling and large cracking that were usually observed in conventional grinding, suggesting its suitability for post-processing of the coating/substrate system.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
A. Ibrahim and C. C. Berndt, Fatigue and deformation of HVOF sprayed WC-Co coatings and hard chrome plating, Mater. Sci. Eng. A, 456 (1–2) (2007) 114–119.
K. T. Kembaiyan and K. Keshavan, Combating severe fluid erosion and corrosion of drill bits using thermal spray coatings, Wear, 186/187 (1995) 487–492.
J. K. N. Murthy and B. Venkataraman, Abrasive wear behavior of WC-CoCr and Cr3C2-20 (NiCr) deposited by HVOF and detonation spray processes, Surf. Coat. Technol., 200 (8) (2006) 2642–2652.
M. Barletta, G. Bolelli, B. Bonferroni and L. Lusvarghi, Wear and corrosion behavior of HVOF-sprayed WC-CoCr coatings on Al alloys, J. Therm. Spray Technol., 19 (1–2) (2010) 358–367.
T. J. DeMasi-Marcin and D. K. Gupta, Protective coatings in the gas turbine engine, Surf. Coat. Technol., 68/69 (1994) 1–9.
T. Sumitomo, H. Huang, L. Zhou and J. Shimizu, Nanogrinding of multi-layered thin film amorphous Si solar panels, Int. J. Mach Tools Manuf., 51 (10–11) (2011) 797–805.
C. W. Kang and H. Huang, Mechanical load-induced interfacial failure of a thin film multilayer in nanoscratching and diamond lapping, J. Mater. Process. Technol., 229 (2016) 528–540.
L. Boyd, Method for ?nishing thermal spray coatings, Proc Thermal Spray Coat. Conf., Long Beach, California, USA (1984) 135–138.
R. B. Massad, Diamond wheel grinding of thermal spray materials, Proc Thermal Spray Coat. Conf., Long Beach, California, USA (1984) 139–146.
M. S. Zoei, M. H. Sadeghi and M. Salehi, Effect of grinding parameters on the wear resistance and residual stress of HVOF-deposited WC-10Co-4Cr coating, Surf. Coat. Technol., 307 (2016) 886–891.
H. Masoumi, S. M. Safavi and S. Salehi, Grinding force, specific energy and material removal mechanism in grinding of HVOF-sprayed WC-Co-Cr coating, Mater. Manuf. Process, 29 (3) (2014) 321–330.
H. Masoumi, S. M. Safavi, M. Salehi and S. M. Nahvi, Effect of grinding on the residual stress and adhesion strength of HVOF thermally sprayed WC-10Co-4Cr coating, Mater. Manuf. Process, 29 (9) (2014) 1139–1151.
A. Lefebvre, O. Sinot, A. A. Torrance and P. Lipinski, Determination of the partition coefficient for the grinding of a hard WC-Co-Cr coating with a diamond wheel, Mach. Sci. Technol., 18 (4) (2014) 585–602.
J. K. N. Murthy, D. S. Rao and B. Venkataraman, Effect of grinding on the erosion behavior of a WC-Co-Cr coating deposited by HVOF and detonation gun spray processes, Wear, 249 (7) (2001) 592–600.
G. Gourhari, S. Ajay and P. P. Bandyopadhyay, High efficiency chemical assisted nanofinishing of HVOF sprayed WC-Co coating, Surf. Coat. Technol., 334 (2018) 204–214.
H. Huang, L. Yin and L. Zhou, High speed grinding of silicon nitride with resin bond diamond wheels, J. Mater. Process. Technol., 141 (3) (2003) 329–336.
C. C. Wang, Q. H. Fang, J. B. Chen, Y. W. Liu and T. Jin, Subsurface damage in high-speed grinding of brittle materials considering kinematic characteristics of the grinding process, Int. J. Adv. Manuf. Technol., 83 (5–8) (2016) 937–948.
F. Klocke, E. Verlemann and C. Schippers, High speed grinding of ceramics, Machining of Ceramics and Composites, S. Jahanmir, M. Ramulu, P. Koshy (Eds.), Marcel Dekker, Inc. New York (1999) 119–137.
H. Huang and Y. C. Liu, Experimental investigations of machining characteristics and removal mechanisms of advanced ceramics in high speed deep grinding, Int. J. Mach. Tools Manuf., 43 (8) (2003) 811–823.
S. Kar, P. P. Bandyopadhyay and S. Paul, High speed and precision grinding of plasma sprayed oxide ceramic coatings, Ceram. Int., 43 (17) (2017) 15316–15331.
B. Zhang and T. D. Howes, Subsurface evaluation of ground ceramics, Annals CIRP, 44 (11) (1995) 263–266.
T. W. Hwang, C. J. Evans, E. P. Whitenton and S. Malkin, High speed grinding of silicon nitride with electroplated diamond wheels I: wear and wheel life, ASME J. Manuf. Sci. Eng., MED-10 (1999) 431–442.
B. R. Lawn, Fracture of brittle solids, 2nd Edition, Cambridge University Press, London (1993).
G. Z. Xie and H. Huang, An experimental investigation of temperature in high speed grinding of partially stabilized zirconia, Int. J. Mach Tools Manuf., 48 (14) (2008) 1562–1568.
A. D. Batako, W. B. Rowe and M. N. Morgan, Temperate measurement in high efficiency deep grinding, Int. J. Mach Tools Manuf., 45 (11) (2005) 1231–1245.
K. Ramesh, H. Huang and L. Yin, Analytical and experimental investigation of coolant velocity in high speed grinding, Int. J. Mach Tools Manuf., 44 (10) (2004) 1069–1076.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
Recommended by Associate Editor Haseung Chung
Zhentao Shang is an Assistant Professor in the College of Mechanical and Vehicle Engineering at Hunan University (China) after obtained his Ph.D. in mechanical engineering in 2009. His research is largely concerned with conventional and high speed grinding technologies for difficult-to-machine materials and design of special grinding machine tools.
Han Huang received his Ph.D. from The University of Western Australia in 1996. He now works at The University of Queensland (Australia) as the Professor of Manufacturing. Prof. Huang’s research interests include additive manufacturing, machining technologies, mechanical characterization of nanostructured materials and nanostructures and nanoparticle based lubrication.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Shang, Z., Xu, C., Xie, G. et al. High speed grinding characteristics and machinability of WC-10Co-4Cr coatings deposited via high velocity oxygen fuel spraying. J Mech Sci Technol 32, 3283–3290 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12206-018-0630-x
Received:
Revised:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12206-018-0630-x