Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Design and verification of driver interfaces for adaptive cruise control systems

  • Published:
Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

In a highly automated system, mode confusion is a significant human error factor that contributes to accidents. To suppress mode confusion in adaptive cruise control (ACC) systems of vehicles, we developed a new driver interface based on a formal approach to analyze and verify human-automation interaction. To enhance the driver’s mode awareness, we developed a new ACC interface that eliminates inconsistent mode transitions by reconfiguring the modes. Then, a human-in-loop experiment was conducted in a simulated environment where a driving simulator was used to evaluate the state and mode awareness of drivers with the old and new interfaces. The experimental results showed that the proposed interface model, which was verified a formal method, was very effective in reducing mode confusion compared with the traditional interface model.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. ISO 15622:2010, Intelligent transport systems-Adaptive cruise control systems — Performance requirements and test procedures (2010).

    Google Scholar 

  2. D. A. Norman, The problem with automation: Inappropriate feedback and interaction, not over-automation, Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences, 327 (1241) (1990) 585–593.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  3. G. A. Jamieson and K. J. Vicente, Designing effective human-automation-plant interfaces: A control-theoretic perspective, Human Factors: The Journal of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society, 47 (1) (2005) 12–34.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  4. N. B. Sarter and D. D. Woods, How in the world did we ever get into that mode mode error and awareness in supervisory control, Human Factors: The Journal of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society, 37 (1) (1995) 5–19.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  5. N. B. Sarter, D. D. Woods and C. E. Billings, Automation surprise, Handbook of Human Factors and Ergonomics, Second Ed., Wiley Publishing Company, New York, USA (1997) 1926–1943.

    Google Scholar 

  6. M. L. Bolton, F. J. Bass and R. I. Siminiceanu, Using formal verification to evaluate human-automation interaction: A review, IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man and Cybernetics: Systems, 43 (3) (2013) 488–503.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  7. R. W. Butler, S. P. Miller, J. N. Potts and V. A. Carreno, A formal methods approach to the analysis of mode confusion, Proc. of AIAA/IEEE 17th Digital Avionics Systems Conference, Bellevue, WA, USA (1998) C41-1~C41-8.

    Google Scholar 

  8. Y. Horiguchi, R. Fukuju and T. Sawaragi, An estimation method of possible mode confusion in human work with automated control systems, Proc. of SICE-ICASE International Joint Conference, Busan, South Korea (2006) 943–948.

    Google Scholar 

  9. Y. Horiguchi, R. Fukuju and T. Sawaragi, Differentiation of input-output relations to facilitate user to input-E international joint conference, with automated control, Proc. of 2007 IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man and Cybernetics, Montreal, Quebec, Canada (2007) 2570–2575.

    Google Scholar 

  10. H. Furukawa, T. Inagaki, Y. Shiraishi and T. Watanabe, Mode awareness of a dual-mode adaptive cruise control system, Proc. of 2003 IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man and Cybernetics, Washington, DC, USA (2003) 832–837.

    Google Scholar 

  11. M. Heymann and A. Degani, Automated driving aids: Modeling, analysis, and interface design considerations, Proc. of the 5th International Conference on Automotive User Interfaces and Interactive Vehicular Application, Eindhoven, Netherlands (2013) 142–149.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  12. D. R. Ahn, J. H. Yang and S. H. Lee, A study on mode confusions in adaptive cruise control systems, Trans. Korean Soc. Mech. Eng. A. (2015) (Submitted).

    Google Scholar 

  13. S. H. Lee, D. R. Ahn and J. H. Yang, Mode confusion in driver interfaces for adaptive cruise control systems, Proc. of the 2014 IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics, San Diego, CA, USA (2014) 4131–4132.

    Google Scholar 

  14. A. Degani and M. Heymann, Formal verification of human-automation interaction, Human Factors: The Journal of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society, 44 (1) (2002) 28–43.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  15. M. Heymann and A. Degani, Formal analysis and automatic generation of user interfaces: Approach, methodology, and an algorithm, Human Factors: The Journal of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society, 49 (2) (2007) 311–330.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  16. Hyundai Motor Co., http://www.hyundai.com/kr/blu/selectDlExpdList.do#none.

  17. TASS International, PreScan, http://www.tassinternational.com/prescan.

  18. J.-Y. Lee and W.-S. Lee, A symbolic computation method for automatic generation of a full vehicle model simulation code for a driving simulator, Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology, 19 (1) (2005) 395–402.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  19. T. E. Trimble, R. Bishop, J. F. Morgan and M. Blanco, Human factors evaluation of level 2 and level 3 automated driving concepts: Past research, state of automation technology, and emerging system concepts, Report No. DOT HS 812 043, Washington, DC, National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (2014).

    Google Scholar 

  20. A. Marinik, R. Bishop, V. Fitchett, J. F. Morgan, T. E. Trimble and M., Blanco, Human factors evaluation of level 2 and level 3 automated driving concepts: Concepts of operation, Report No. DOT HS 812 044, Washington, DC, National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (2014).

    Google Scholar 

  21. C. Pickering, K. Burnham and M. Richardson, A review of automotive human machine interface technologies and techniques to reduce driver distraction, Proc. of the 2nd IET International Conference on System Safety, London, UK (2007) 223–228.

    Google Scholar 

  22. B. Pfleging, S. Schneegass and A. Schmidt, Multimodal interaction in the car: Combining speech and gestures on the steering wheel, Proc. of the 4th International Conference on Automotive User Interfaces and Interactive Vehicular Applications, Portsmouth, NH (2012) 155–162.

    Google Scholar 

  23. H. Park, H.-K. Jung and S.-J. Park, Tangible AR interaction based on fingertip touch using small-sized nonsquare markers, Journal of Computational Design and Engineering, 1 (4) (2014) 289–297.

    Article  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  24. Y. Endo, M. Tada and M. Mochimaru, Reconstructing individual hand models from motion capture data, Journal of Computational Design and Engineering, 1 (1) (2014) 1–12.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  25. H. Ha and K. Ko, A method for image-based shadow interaction with virtual objects, Journal of Computational Design and Engineering, 2 (1) (2015) 26–37.

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Graduate School of Automotive Engineering, Kookmin University, Seoul, 136-702, Korea

    Sang Hun Lee & Dae Ryong Ahn

Authors
  1. Sang Hun Lee
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Dae Ryong Ahn
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Sang Hun Lee.

Additional information

Recommended by Associate Editor Ki-Hoon Shin

Sang Hun Lee is a professor in Automotive Engineering at Kookmin University in Seoul, Korea. He received his BE, ME, and Ph.D. degrees in Mechanical Design and Production Engineering from Seoul National University in 1986, 1988, and 1993, respectively. His research interests include computer-aided design, human-machine interaction, ergonomics, and artificial intelligence for automotive industry.

Dae Ryong Ahn is a researcher at Korea Automotive Technology Institute in Cheonan, Korea. He received his MS degree in Automotive Engineering from Kookmin University in 2014. His research interests include advanced driver assistance system, intelligent control system and human-machine interaction for automotive industry.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Lee, S.H., Ahn, D.R. Design and verification of driver interfaces for adaptive cruise control systems. J Mech Sci Technol 29, 2451–2460 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12206-015-0536-9

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Revised:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12206-015-0536-9

Keywords

Search

Navigation