Abstract
Arrival time difference or time delay estimation is critically important for detection of leak location in buried water supply pipes. Because the exact leak locating depends upon the precision of the arrival time difference estimation between leak signals measured by sensors and the propagation speed of the leak-related elastic wave, the research on the estimation of time delay has been one of the key issues in leak locating. The arrival time difference was estimated with the peak time of cross correlation functions of the measured signals. In this study six different window functions, including the basic rectangular, Roth, Wiener, SCOT, PHAT and maximum likelihood windows were applied. Experimental results against an actual buried pipe made of cast iron showed that the introduction of the window functions improved the precision of time delay estimation. In this paper, a new statistical approach, that combines all results of each window function, is suggested for better leak locating. Apart from the experiment, an intensive theoretical analysis in terms of signal processing is described.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
H. V. Fuchs and R. Riehle, Ten years of experience with leak detection by acoustic signal analysis, Applied Acoustics, 33 (1991) 1–19.
E. Shaw Cole, Methods of leak detection: Overview, Journal of American Water Works Association, (1979) 73–75.
Y.-S. Lee and D.-J. Yoon, Pinpointing of leakage location using pipe-fluid coupled vibration, Journal of Korean Society for Noise and Vibration Engineering (In Korean), 14(2) (2004) 95–104.
Palmer Environmental, MicroCorr, Palmer Environmental Services.
C. H. Knapp and G. C. Carter, The generalized correlation method for the estimation of time-delay, IEEE Trans. Acoust., Speech, Signal Processing, 24(4) (1976) 320–327.
P. R. Roth, Effective measurements using digital signal analysis, IEEE Spectrum, 8 (1971) 62–72.
A. O. Hero and S. C. Schwartz, A new generalized cross correlator, IEEE Trans. Acoust., Speech, Signal Processing, 33(1) (1985) 38–45.
G. C. Carter, A. H. Nuttall and P. G. Cable, Proceedings of the IEEE, 61, 1497–1498, The smoothed coherence transform 61 (1973).
M. S. Brandstein and H. F. Silverman, A robust method for speech signal time-delay estimation in reverberant rooms, IEEE Conference ICASSP-97, (1997) 1497–1498.
E. J. Hannan and P. J. Thomson, Eliminating group delay, Biometrika, 60 (1973) 241–253.
J. S. Bendat and A. G. Piersol, Random Data, John Wiley & Sons (1991).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
This paper was recommended for publication in revised form by Associate Editor Eung-Soo Shin
Young-Sup Lee received his BS degree in Naval Architecture from Pusan National University, Korea, in 1987. He then received his MSc and PhD degrees from the University of Southampton, United Kingdom, in 1997 and 2000, respectively. Dr. Lee is currently an assistant professor at the Department of Multimedia Systems Engineering in the University of Incheon, Korea. His research interests include active control of sound and vibration, real-time signal processing, and smart sensors and actuators.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Lee, YS. Effects of windowing filters in leak locating for buried water-filled cast iron pipes. J Mech Sci Technol 23, 401–408 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12206-008-1224-9
Received:
Revised:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12206-008-1224-9