Abstract
Conflict is inevitable in construction projects, and satisfactory conflict resolution is vital for maintaining amicable relationships and accomplishing project goals. This study aims to explain satisfaction with conflict resolution outcomes by referring to cooperative and competitive conflict management approaches and exploring how these relationships change in light of different degrees of conflict strength in terms of novelty, criticality, and disruption. We conducted a survey using convenience sampling and collected 212 valid questionnaires from Chinese practitioners in the construction industry. After checking reliability and validity, we conducted statistical analyses, including hierarchical multiple regression, moderated regression, and subgroup analysis using Stata software to test the hypotheses. The results show that the cooperative approach is relatively robust and contributes to satisfaction enhancement, regardless of conflict strength. By contrast, a competitive approach is beneficial for satisfaction only when conflict strength is low (i.e., low novelty, low criticality, or low disruption). Theoretically, this study provides a new perspective on conflict strength (rather than a commonly used indicator of the degree of conflict) and contributes to the construction conflict management research by revealing the boundary conditions of conflict management approaches. Practically, the findings provide practitioners with guidance regarding the selection of an appropriate conflict management approach with the aim of improving parties’ satisfaction with conflict resolution outcomes.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Adamovic M (2020) The vicious cycle of unfairness and conflict in teams. International Journal of Conflict Management 32(1):126–157, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/IJCMA-09-2019-0169
Adeyemi BS, Aigbavboa CO (2022) An evaluation of the impacts of construction professionals’ conflict on performance in the Nigerian construction industry. International Journal of Building Pathology and Adaptation, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/IJBPA-09-2021-0124
Alaloul WS, Musarat MA, Rabbani MBA (2021) Construction sector contribution to economic stability: Malaysian GDP distribution. Sustainability 13(9):5012, DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/su13095012
Alper S, Tjosvold D, Law KS (1998) Interdependence and controversy in group decision making: Antecedents to effective self-managing teams. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes 74(1):33–52, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1006/obhd.1998.2748
Alper S, Tjosvold D, Law KS (2000) Conflict management, efficacy, and performance in organizational teams. Personnel Psychology 53(3):625–642, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-6570.2000.tb00216.x
Behfar KJ, Peterson RS, Mannix EA, Trochim WM (2008) The critical role of conflict resolution in teams: A close look at the links between conflict type, conflict management strategies, and team outcomes. Journal of Applied Psychology 93(1):170–188, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.93.1.170
Bengtsson M, Kock S (2014) Coopetition—Quo vadis? Past accomplishments and future challenges. Industrial Marketing Management 43(2):180–188, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indmarman.2014.02.015
Benitez M, Medina FJ, Munduate L (2018) Buffering relationship conflict consequences in teams working in real organizations. International Journal of Conflict Management 29(2):279–297, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/IJCMA-11-2017-0131
Bergkvist L, Rossiter JR (2007) The predictive validity of multiple-item versus single-item measures of the same constructs. Journal of Marketing Research 44(2):175–184, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1509/jmkr.44.2.175
Boroş S, Van Gorp L, Cardoen B, Boute R (2017) Breaking silos: a field experiment on relational conflict management in cross-functional teams. Group Decision and Negotiation 26(2):327–356, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10726-016-9487-5
Caputo A, Marzi G, Maley J, Silic M (2019) Ten years of conflict management research 2007–2017: An update on themes, concepts and relationships. International Journal of Conflict Management 30(1):87–110, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/IJCMA-06-2018-0078
Chan H, Levitt R, Garvin M (2010) Collectives effect of strategic, cultural, and institutional factors on concession renegotiations. Proceedings of Engineering Project Organization Conference, November, South Lake Tahoe, CA, USA
Chang CY, Ive G (2007) Reversal of bargaining power in construction projects: Meaning, existence and implications. Construction Management and Economics 25(8):845–855, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/01446190601164113
Chen Y, Chen Y, Liu Z, Yao H (2018) Influence of prior ties on trust in contract enforcement in the construction industry: Moderating role of the shadow of the future. Journal of Management in Engineering 34(2):04017064, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)ME.1943-5479.0000584
Chen G, Liu C, Tjosvold D (2005) Conflict management for effective top management teams and innovation in China. Journal of Management Studies 42(2):277–300, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-6486.2005.00497.x
Chen X, Liu J, Yuan Y, Cui X (2019) The curvilinear effect of task conflict on idea generation: the mediating role of reflexivity and the moderating role of task complexity. International Journal of Conflict Management 30(2):158–179, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/IJCMA-02-2018-0029
Chen XH, Zhao K, Liu X, Wu DD (2012) Improving employees’ job satisfaction and innovation performance using conflict management. International Journal of Conflict Management 23(2):151–172, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/10444061211218276
Cheung SO, Chow PT, Yiu TW (2009) Contingent Use of Negotiators’ Tactics in Construction Dispute Negotiation. Journal of Construction Engineering and Management 135(6):466–476, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9364(2009)135:6(466)
Cheung SO, Yiu TW, Leung AYT, Chiu OK (2008) Catastrophic transitions of construction contracting behavior. Journal of Construction Engineering and Management 134(12):942–952, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9364(2008)134:12(942)
Cheung SO, Yiu TW, Yeung SF (2006) A study of styles and outcomes in construction dispute negotiation. Journal of Construction Engineering and Management 132(8):805–814, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9364(2006)132:8(805)
Cheung SO, Zhu L, Lee KW (2018) Incentivization and interdependency in construction contracting. Journal of Management in Engineering 34(3):04018010, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)ME.1943-5479.0000601
Choi SH, Kim YS (2016) Priority analysis of dispute factors in overseas construction based on FIDIC contract conditions. KSCE Journal of Civil Engineering 20(6):2124–2133, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12205-015-0174-x
Chua R, Jin M (2020) Across the great divides: Gender dynamics influence how intercultural conflict helps or hurts creative collaboration. Academy of Management Journal 63(3):903–934, DOI: https://doi.org/10.5465/amj.2016.1319
Cohen J (1992) A power primer. Psychological Bulletin 112(1):155–159, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.112.1.155
Curhan JR, Elfenbein HA, Kilduff GJ (2009) Getting off on the right foot: Subjective value versus economic value in predicting longitudinal job outcomes from job offer negotiations. Journal of Applied Psychology 94(2):524–534, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1037/a0013746
Das TK, Teng BS (2000) A resource-based theory of strategic alliances. Journal of Management 26(1):31–61, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0149-2063(99)00037-9
Davidson JA, McElwee G, Hannan G (2004) Trust and power as determinants of conflict resolution strategy and outcome satisfaction. Peace and Conflict 10(3):275–292, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1207/s15327949pac1003_4
De Wit FR, Greer LL, Jehn KA (2012) The paradox of intragroup conflict: A meta-analysis. Journal of Applied Psychology 97(2):360–390, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1037/a0024844
DeChurch LA, Hamilton KL, Haas C (2007) Effects of conflict management strategies on perceptions of intragroup conflict. Group Dynamics: Theory, Research, and Practice 11(1):66–78, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1037/1089-2699.11.1.66
DeChurch LA, Mesmer-Magnus JR, Doty D (2013) Moving beyond relationship and task conflict: Toward a process-state perspective. Journal of Applied Psychology 98(4):559–578, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1037/a0032896
Dimas ID, Lourenço PR (2015) Intragroup conflict and conflict management approaches as determinants of team performance and satisfaction: Two field studies. Negotiation and Conflict Management Research 8(3):174–193, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/ncmr.12054
Eckerd S, Sweeney K (2018) The role of dependence and information sharing on governance decisions regarding conflict. The International Journal of Logistics Management 29(1):409–434, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/IJLM-12-2016-0301
Fehr R, Gelfand MJ (2010) When apologies work: How matching apology components to victims’ self-construals facilitates forgiveness. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes 113(1): 37–50, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.obhdp.2010.04.002
Fülöp M (2009) Happy and unhappy competitors: What makes the difference?. Psihologijske Teme 18(2):345–367, DOI: 0000-0002-5020-041X
Gao N, Chen Y, Wang W, Wang Y (2018) Addressing project complexity: The role of contractual functions. Journal of Management in Engineering 34(3):04018011
HairJr JF, Black B, Babin B, Anderson RE (2019) Multivariate data analysis, 8th edition. Cengage Learning, London, U.K.
Hempel PS, Zhang ZX, Tjosvold D (2009) Conflict management between and within teams for trusting relationships and performance in China. Journal of Organizational Behavior 30(1):41–65, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/job.540
Henisz WJ, Levitt RE, Scott WR (2012) Toward a unified theory of project governance: Economic, sociological and psychological supports for relational contracting. Engineering Project Organization Journal 2(1–2):37–55, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/21573727.2011.637552
Jehn KA (1995) A multimethod examination of the benefits and detriments of intragroup conflict. Administrative Science Quarterly 40(2):256–282, DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/2393638
Jehn KA (1997) A qualitative analysis of conflict types and dimensions in organizational groups. Administrative Science Quarterly 42(3): 530–557, DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/2393737
Jia J, Ma G, Wu Z, Wu M, Jiang S (2021). Unveiling the impact of task conflict on construction project performance: Mediating role of knowledge integration. Journal of Management in Engineering 37(6):04021060, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)ME.1943-5479.0000963
Ju Q, Ding L, Skibniewski MJ (2017) Optimization strategies to eliminate interface conflicts in complex supply chains of construction projects. Journal of Civil Engineering and Management 23(6):712–726, DOI: https://doi.org/10.3846/13923730.2016.1232305
Kim EW, Park MS, Kim K, Kim KJ (2022) Blockchain-based automatic tracking and extracting construction document for claim and dispute support. KSCE Journal of Civil Engineering 26(9):3707–3724, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12205-022-2181-z
Kong DT, Dirks KT, Ferrin DL (2014) Interpersonal trust within negotiations: Meta-analytic evidence, critical contingencies, and directions for future research. Academy of Management Journal 57(5):1235–1255, DOI: https://doi.org/10.5465/amj.2012.0461
Leung MY, Liu AM, Ng ST (2005) Is there a relationship between construction conflicts and participants’ satisfaction?. Engineering, Construction and Architectural Management 12(2):149–167, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/09699980510584494
Li B, Gao Y, Zhang S (2021) Understanding the effects of trust and conflict event criticality on conflict resolution behavior in construction projects: Mediating role of social motives. Journal of Management in Engineering 37(6):04021066, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)ME.1943-5479.0000962
Liu C, Cao J, Wu G, Zhao X, Zuo J (2022) How does network position influence project performance in Chinese megaprojects? An inter-organizational conflict-based perspective. International Journal of Conflict Management 33(3):448–474. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/IJCMA-05-2021-0080
Lu W, Guo W (2019) The effect of task conflict on relationship quality: The mediating role of relational behavior. Negotiation and Conflict Management Research 12(4):297–321, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/ncmr.12150
Lu W, Li Z, Wang S (2017) The role of justice for cooperation and contract’s moderating effect in construction dispute negotiation. Engineering, Construction and Architectural Management 24(1): 133–153, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/ECAM-01-2015-0002
Lu JF, Tjosvold D, Shi K (2010) Team training in china: Testing and applying the theory of cooperation and competition. Journal of Applied Social Psychology 40(1):101–134, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1559-1816.2009.00565.x
Lu W, Wang J (2017) The influence of conflict management styles on relationship quality: The moderating effect of the level of task conflict. International Journal of Project Management 35(8):1483–1494, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijproman.2017.08.012
Lu W, Wei Y, Wang R (2020) Handling inter-organisational conflict based on bargaining power: Organisational power distance orientation matters. International Journal of Conflict Management 31(5):781–800, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/IJCMA-06-2019-0092
Lu W, Zhang L, Fu Y (2016a) Improving subjective value in construction claim negotiations: Role of behavioral primers. Journal of Management in Engineering 32(4):05016005, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)ME.1943-5479.0000428
Lu W, Zhang L, Li Z (2015) Influence of negotiation risk attitude and power on behaviors and outcomes when negotiating construction claims. Journal of Construction Engineering and Management 141(2):04014069, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)CO.1943-7862.0000927
Lu W, Zhang L, Zhang L (2016b) Effect of contract completeness on contractors’ opportunistic behavior and the moderating role of interdependence. Journal of Construction Engineering and Management 142(6):04016004, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)ME.1943-5479.0000428
Lumineau F, Eckerd S, Handley S (2015) Inter-organizational conflicts: Research overview, challenges, and opportunities. Journal of Strategic Contracting and Negotiation 1(1):42–64, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/2055563614568493
Lumineau F, Henderson JE (2012) The influence of relational experience and contractual governance on the negotiation strategy in buyer-supplier disputes. Journal of Operations Management 30(5):382–395, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jom.2012.03.005
Lumineau F, Malhotra D (2011) Shadow of the contract: How contract structure shapes interfirm dispute resolution. Strategic Management Journal 32(5):532–555, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/smj.890
Luo L, He Q, Jaselskis EJ, Xie J (2017) Construction project complexity: Research trends and implications. Journal of Construction Engineering and Management 143(7):04017019, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)CO.1943-7862.000130
Maiti S, Choi JH (2021) Investigation and implementation of conflict management strategies to minimize conflicts in the construction industry. International Journal of Construction Management 21(4): 337–352, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/15623599.2018.1536964
Maltarich MA, Kukenberger M, Reilly G (2018) Conflict in teams: Modeling early and late conflict states and the interactive effects of conflict processes. Group & Organization Management 43(1):6–37, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/1059601116681127
Marques F, Lourenço PR, Dimas ID, Rebelo T (2015) The relationship between types of conflict, conflict handling strategies and group effectiveness. Journal of Spatial and Organizational Dynamics 3(1): 58–77.
Meyer S (2004) Organizational response to conflict: Future conflict and work outcomes. Social Work Research 28(3):183–190, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/swr/28.3.183
Morgeson FP (2005) The external leadership of self-managing teams: intervening in the context of novel and disruptive events. Journal of Applied Psychology 90(3):497–508, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.90.3.497
Morgeson FP, DeRue DS (2006) Event criticality, urgency, and duration: Understanding how events disrupt teams and influence team leader intervention. The Leadership Quarterly 17(3):271–287, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.leaqua.2006.02.006
Morgeson FP, Mitchell TR, Liu D (2015) Event system theory: An event-oriented approach to the organizational sciences. Academy of Management Review 40(4):515–537, DOI: https://doi.org/10.5465/amr.2012.0099
Osei-Kyei R, Chan AP, Yu Y, Chen C, Dansoh A (2019) Root causes of conflict and conflict resolution mechanisms in public-private partnerships: Comparative study between Ghana and China. Cities 87:185–195, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cities.2018.10.001
Park S, Mathieu JE, Grosser TJ (2020) A network conceptualization of team conflict. Academy of Management Review 45(2):352–375, DOI: https://doi.org/10.5465/amr.2016.0472
Podsakoff NP (2003) Common method biases in behavioral research: A critical review of the literature and recommended remedies. Journal of Applied Psychology 88(5):879–903, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.88.5.879
Rahim MA (2002) Toward a theory of managing organizational conflict. International Journal of Conflict Management 13(3):206–235, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/eb022874
Shah PP, Peterson RS, Jones SL, Ferguson AJ (2021) Things are not always what they seem: The origins and evolution of intragroup conflict. Administrative Science Quarterly 66(2):426–474, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0001839220965186
Shi C, Chen Y, You J, Yao H (2018) Asset specificity and contractors’ opportunistic behavior: Moderating roles of contract and trust. Journal of Management in Engineering 34(5):04018026, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)ME.1943-5479.0000632
Shih HA, Susanto E (2010) Conflict management styles, emotional intelligence, and job performance in public organizations. International Journal of Conflict Management 21(2):147–168, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/10444061011037387
Suleiman A (2022) Causes and effects of poor communication in the construction industry in the MENA region. Journal of Civil Engineering and Management 28(5):365–376, DOI: https://doi.org/10.3846/jcem.2022.16728
Tabassi AA, Abdullah A, Bryde DJ (2019) Conflict management, team coordination, and performance within multicultural temporary projects: Evidence from the construction industry. Project Management Journal 50(1):101–114, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/8756972818818257
Tjosvold D, Johnson DW, Johnson RT, Sun H (2006) Competitive motives and strategies: Understanding constructive competition. Group Dynamics: Theory, Research, and Practice 10(2):87–99, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1037/1089-2699.10.2.87
Tjosvold D, Wong AS, Feng Chen NY (2014) Constructively managing conflicts in organizations. Annual Review of Organizational Psychology and Organizational Behavior 1(1):545–568, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1146/annurevorgpsych-031413-091306
Tjosvold D, Zhang X, Li WD, Wong ASH, Yu K (2022) Open-minded discussion in organizations: A meta-analytic evaluation of cooperation and competition theory. Journal of Business and Psychology 37:897–921, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10869-021-09777-w
Wang Z, Yang X, Chan APC, Liu J (2021) Are project-based organizations willing to learn compliance lessons from sanctioned organizations close to them? The moderating effect of knowledge base compatibility and strength of the event. International Journal of Project Management 39(6):672–682, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijproman.2021.06.002
Wang C, Zhang S, Gao Y, Guo Q, Zhang L (2023) Effect of contractual complexity on conflict in construction subcontracting: Moderating roles of contractual enforcement and organizational culture distance. Journal of Construction Engineering and Management 149(5): 04023019, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1061/JCEMD4.COENG-12822
Wang C, Zhang S, Gao Y, Li B (2022) Trust repair in the aftermath of conflict occurrence in construction subcontracting: An intergroup contact perspective. Construction Management and Economics 40(10):781–795, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/01446193.2022.2110272
Wang J, Zhang S, Jin R, Fenn P, Yu D, Zhao L (2023) Identifying critical dispute causes in the construction industry: A cross-regional comparative study between China and the UK. Journal of Management in Engineering 39(2):04022072, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1061/JMENEA.MEENG-4943
Wang P, Zhang L, Wang K, Fenn P (2021) Aetiology and progression of construction disputes towards a predictive model. KSCE Journal of Civil Engineering 25(4):1131–1143, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12205-021-0728-z
Weingart LR, Behfar KJ, Bendersky C, Todorova G, Jehn KA (2015) The directness and oppositional intensity of conflict expression. Academy of Management Review 40(2):235–262, DOI: https://doi.org/10.5465/amr.2013.0124
Worrell FC, Knotek SE, Plucker JA, Portenga S, Simonton DK, Olszewski-Kubilius P, Schultz SR, Subotnik RF (2016) Competition’s role in developing psychological strength and outstanding performance. Review of General Psychology 20(3):259–271, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1037/gpr0000079
Wu G, Hu Z, Zheng J, Zhao X, Zuo J (2021) Effects of structure characteristics of project network on conflicts and project success. Engineering, Construction and Architectural Management 28(1): 101–124, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/ECAM-03-2019-0129
Wu G, Zhao X, Zuo J (2017) Effects of inter-organizational conflicts on construction project added value in China. International Journal of Conflict Management 28(5):695–723, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/IJCMA-03-2017-0025
Wu G, Zhao X, Zuo J, Zillante G (2019) Effects of team diversity on project performance in construction projects. Engineering, Construction and Architectural Management 26(3):408–423, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/ECAM-05-2018-0220
Wu G, Zhu Y, Hu Z (2023) A bibliometric review of research on interorganizational conflicts in the construction industry: 1989–2021. International Journal of Conflict Management 34(1):181–212. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/IJCMA-03-2022-0051
Yao H, Chen Y, Chen Y, Zhu X (2019) Mediating role of risk perception of trust and contract enforcement in the construction industry. Journal of Construction Engineering and Management 145(2):04018130, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)CO.1943-7862.0001604
Yiu TW, Cheung SO, Siu LY (2012) Application of Bandura’s self-efficacy theory to examining the choice of tactics in construction dispute negotiation. Journal of Construction Engineering and Management 138(3):331–340, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)CO.1943-7862.0000403
You J, Chen Y, Hua Y, Wang W (2019) The efficacy of contractual governance on task and relationship conflict in inter-organisational transactions. International Journal of Conflict Management 30(1): 65–86, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/IJCMA-05-2018-0061
Zhang XA, Cao Q, Tjosvold D (2011) Linking transformational leadership and team performance: A conflict management approach. Journal of Management Studies 48(7):1586–1611, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-6486.2010.00974.x
Zhang SJ, Chen YQ, Sun H (2015) Emotional intelligence, conflict management styles, and innovation performance: An empirical study of Chinese employees. International Journal of Conflict Management 26(4):450–478, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/IJCMA-06-2014-0039
Zhang L, Fenn P, Fu Y (2019) To insist or to concede? Contractors’ behavioural strategies when handling disputed claims. Engineering, Construction and Architectural Management 26(3):424–443, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/ECAM-05-2018-0219
Zhang SB, Fu YF, Gao Y, Zheng XD (2016) Influence of trust and contract on dispute negotiation behavioral strategy in construction subcontracting. Journal of Management in Engineering 32(4): 04016001, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)ME.1943-5479.0000427
Zhang L, Fu Y, Lu W (2021) Contract enforcement for claimants’ satisfaction with construction dispute resolution: moderating role of shadow of the future, fairness perception, and trust. Journal of Construction Engineering and Management 147(2):04020168, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)CO.1943-7862.0001981
Zhang L, Fu Y, Lu W, Liu J (2023a) Towards an event-oriented conceptualization of conflict: Reflections on three decades of conflict research. International Journal of Conflict Management 34(3):489–510, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/IJCMA-09-2022-0157
Zhang L, Gao Y, Lu W, Guo W (2023b) The influence of conflict event strength on interorganizational cooperation: Moderating roles of contractual complexity and trust. Journal of Business Research 159: 113750, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2023.113750
Acknowledgments
The authors would like to thank National Natural Science Foundation of China for its financial support (Grant numbers 72001067 and 72101175) and all the respondents who participated in the survey.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Zhang, L., Lou, J., Fu, Y. et al. Impacts of Management Approaches on Conflict Resolution Satisfaction: Conflict Strength Matters. KSCE J Civ Eng 28, 2091–2104 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12205-024-0724-1
Received:
Revised:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12205-024-0724-1