Abstract
Creep deformation control is the key point and difficulty in the construction of loess high fill, the creep characteristics of loess with different compactness and confining pressure conditions has been studied. To achieve the objective, the influence of different conditions on the creep deformation characteristics of loess were analyzed by the triaxial creep tests of loess under different compaction and confining pressures. The results show that the instantaneous deformation of the soil samples gradually decrease with increasing compactness, and the total creep deformation also decreases. With the increase of confining pressure, the deformation increase gradually with the compactness decreased. Finally, in order to describe the creep process of loess, the creep model suitable for different compactness is proposed, which is based on fractional calculus and the continuous damage theory. Through fitting verification, the applicability of the theoretical model to the description of loess creep characteristics is proved, and then the whole stages of loess creep can be better described.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Chang ZL, Gao HX, Huang FM, Chen JW, Huang JS, Guo ZZ (2020) Study on the creep behaviours and the improved Burgers model of a loess landslide considering matric suction. Natural Hazards, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11069-020-04046-0
Chen AY, Gong B, Yang YX, Peng HX, Wang Y (2022) Creep properties of sliding zone soil in roadcut slope of Xuanwei formation strata in Yunnan Province. Safety and Environmental Engineering 29(1):111–118, DOI: https://doi.org/10.13578/j.cnki.issn.1671-1556.20210343
Chen P, Wang YL, Chen XJ, Zhou JJ (2020) Research on creep constitutive model of loess-basic landslide slip zone soil. Journal of Catastrophology 35(4):228–234, DOI: https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1000-811X.2020.04.042
Deng H, Zhou H, Wei Q, Li L, Jia WH (2022) A creep constitutive model based on Atangana-Baleanu fractional derivative. Mech Time-Depend Mater, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11043-022-09560-1
Jiang L, Hou F, Liu EL, Liu YN, Liu XY (2019) Triaxial creep characteristics of frozen loess. Yellow River 41(2):148–152, DOI: https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1000-1379.2019.02.032
Kempfle S, Schäfer I, Beyer H (2002) Fractional calculus via functional calculus: Theory and applications. Nonlinear Dynamics 29:99–127, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1016595107471
Lemaitre J (1985) A continuous damage mechanics model for ductile fracture. Journal of Engineering Materials & Technology 107:83–89, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1115/1.3225775
Li X, Liu EL, Hou F (2019) A creep constitutive model for frozen soils considering the influence of temperature. Rock and Soil Mechanics 40(2):624–631, DOI: https://doi.org/10.16285/j.rsm.2017.1660
Liao MK, Lai YM, Liu EL, Wan XS (2016) A fractional order creep constitutive model of warm frozen silt. Acta Geotech 12:377–389, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11440-016-0466-4
Liu MC, Wang ZX, Wang YY (2020) Constitutive modeling of creep behaviors of coarse-grained materials. Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering 42(6):1108–1114, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11779/CJGE202006015
Liu XW, Zhang XD, Fu XG, Yang TX, Su ZS (2022) Experimental study on creep characteristics of saturated Q2 loess. Frontiers in Earth Science DOI: https://doi.org/10.3389/feart.2022.815275
Luo T, Chen D, Yao YP, Liu L, Hu SX (2018) Influence of loading paths on one-dimensional creep characteristics of remodeled loess. Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering 40(7):1294–1299, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11779/CJGE201807016
Lynn R (1983) Operators and fractional derivates for viscoelastic constitutive equations. Journal of Rheology 24(4):351–372, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1122/1.549710
Mikale E, Asa F, Peter O (1997) Fractional Integral Formulation of Constitutive Equations of Viscoelasticity. AIAA Journal 35(8), DOI: https://doi.org/10.2514/2.244
Rami El-N (2011) Universal fractional Euler-Lagrange equation from a generalized fractional derivate operator. Open Physics 9(1):250–256, DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/s11534-010-0051-7
Sanchez D, Gilchrist D, Yang S, Bandara K, Gamage RP, Zheng W (2022) Experimental characterization of time-dependent mechanical behaviours of frac sand at high compressive stresses and implication on long-term proppant conductivity. Geomechanics and Geophysics for Geo-Energy and Geo-Resources 8(85), DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40948-022-00398-y
Shan S, Xie WL, Zhu RS, Yang H (2021) Study on creep characteristics of compacted loess in Yan’an New Area under loading and unloading conditions. Journal of Arid Land Resources and Environment 35(7):144–155, DOI: https://doi.org/10.13448/j.cnki.jalre.2021.198
Tang H, Duan Z, Wang DP, Dang Q (2020) Experimental investigation of creep behavior of loess under different moisture contents. Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment 79(8), DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10064-019-01545-8
Tian JQ, Lai YM, Liu EL, He C (2023) A thermodynamics-based micromacro elastoplastic micropolar continuum model for granular materials. Computers and Geotechnics, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compgeo.2023.105653
Vikash P, Sverre H (2016) Linking the fractional derivative and the Lomnitz creep law to non-Newtonian time-varying viscosity. PHYSICAL REVIEW E 94(3), DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/physreve.94.032606
Wang R, Hu YS, Wang S (2015) An analysis of wetting settlement of airport high embankment in rainfall infiltration. Hydrogeology & Engineering Geology 42(5):164–169, DOI: https://doi.org/10.16030/j.cnki.issn.1000-3665.2015.05.27
Wang P, Liu EL, Zhi B, Song BT (2023) A rate-dependent constitutive model for saturated frozen soil considering local breakage mechanism. Journal of Rock Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jrmge.2022.11.017
Wang SK, Peng JB, Zhuang JQ, Kang CY, Jia ZJ (2019) Underlying mechanisms of the geohazards of macro loess discontinuities on the Chinese Loess Plateau. Engineering Geology 263, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enggeo.2019.105357
Wei EJ, Hu B, Li J, Cui K, Zhang Z, Cui AE, Ma LY (2022) Nonlinear viscoelastic-plastic creep model of rock based on fractional calculus. Advances in Civil Engineering, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/3063972
Welch Sw, Rorrer RA, Duren RG (1999) Application of time-based fractional calculus methods to viscoelastic creep and stress relaxation of materials. Mechanics of Time-Dependent Materials 3:279–303, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1009834317545
Xiang GJ, Yin DS, Cao CX, Gao YF (2021) Creep modeling of soft soil based on the fractional flow rule: Simulation and parameter study. Applied Mathematics and Computation 403, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amc.2021.126190
Yao YP, Liu L, Wang L, Luo T (2015) Method of calculating creep deformation of high filled embankment. Rock and Soil Mechanics 36(S1):154–158, DOI: https://doi.org/10.16285/j.rsm.2015.S1.026
Yin JH (1999) Non-linear creep of soils in oedometer tests. Géotechnique 49(5):699–707, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1680/geot.1999.49.5.699
Zhang Z, Huang CJ, Jin HJ, Feng WJ, Jin DD, Zhang GK (2022) A creep model for frozen soil based on the fractional Kelvin-Voigt’s model. Acta Geotechnica, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11440-021-01390-8
Zhao X, Yang HT, He YQ (2014) Identification of constitutive parameters for fractional viscoelasticity. Communications in Nonlinear Science and Numerical Simulation 19(1):311–322, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cnsns.2013.05.019
Zhao ZF, Zhu YP, Ye SH (2021) Study on settlement deformation of high fill foundation in large thickness loess area. Arabian Journal of Geosciences 14(12), DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12517-021-07569-3
Zhou HW, Wang CP, Han BB, Duan ZQ (2010) A creep constitutive model for salt rock based on fractional derivatives. International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences 48(1), DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijrmms.2010.11.004
Zhu CH, Li N (2020) Ranking of influence factors and control technologies for the post-construction settlement of loess high-filling embankments. Computers and Geotechnics 118(C), DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compgeo.2019.103320
Acknowledgments
The study was supported by the Macro meso deformation mechanism and constitutive model of unsaturated structural loess in Western China (Project No. 2060521002).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Zhi, B., Wang, S., Wei, P. et al. Experimental Study on Creep Characteristics of Loess with Different Compactness. KSCE J Civ Eng 28, 1702–1714 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12205-024-0413-0
Received:
Revised:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12205-024-0413-0