Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Evaluating the Accuracy of Determining Coordinates of Corners of the Building Surveyed in Tilt Technology

  • Surveying and Geo-Spatial Engineering
  • Published:
KSCE Journal of Civil Engineering Aims and scope

Abstract

Integrated Inertial Measurement Unit (IMU) and electronic compass; small, sturdy form factor; supports all communications, satellites, and constellations (Revolutionary 9 axis IMU and ultra-compact 3-axis e-Compass). By integrating a 9-axis IMU with a digital compass, the Topcon Hiper Versatile Global Navigation Satellite System (VR GNSS) receiver can correct for up to 15 degrees of pole tilt. It may be now measured all the way to the edge/corner of a building without requiring an offset. The emerging technology makes up for the fact that plum field surveys can be off by up to 15 degrees. The accuracy of measured building corners is investigated in this study using Topcon Inertial Levelling Technology (TILT) in the IMU and e-Compass. The results of a case study of 5, 10, 15 degree tilt angles show that a 3D positioning accuracy of about 10 cm is achievable even when the pole is tilted.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Chen Q, Lin H, Guo R, Niu X (2020) Rapid and accurate initial alignment of the low-cost MEMS IMU chip dedicated for tilted RTK receiver. GPS Solutions 24(4):1–13, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10291-020-01032-8

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Groves PD (2013) Principles of GNSS, Inertial, and Multi-Sensor Integrated Navigation Systems, 2nd edition. Artech House, Boston-London, 800

    Google Scholar 

  • Hofmann-Wellenhof B, Lichtenegger H, Wasle E (2008) GNSS–Global Navigation Satellite Systems: GPS, GLONASS, Galileo & more. Springer-Verlag, Wien, 516

    Google Scholar 

  • Hong S, Lee MH, Chun HH, Kwon SH, Speyer JL (2005) Observability of error states in GPS/INS integration. IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology 54(2):731–743, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1109/TVT.2004.841540

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Jekeli C (2001) Inertial navigation systems with geodetic applications. Walter de Gruyter, Berlin New York, 352

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Karlsen ST, Kristiansen JB, Robertson SG (2021) Accuracy of Tilt-compensated GNSS-sensors using Network-RTK (Bachelor’s thesis, NTNU)

  • Kjerstad N (2021) Treghetsnavigasjon. Retrived March 10, 2023, https://snl.no/treghetsnavigasjon

  • Krzyżek R (2014) Reliability analysis of the results of RTN GNSS surveys of building structures using indirect methods of measurement. Geodesy and Cartography 63(2):161–181, DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/geocart-2014-0012

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Krzyżek R (2015a) Algorithm for modeling coordinates of corners of buildings determined with RTN GNSS technology using vector translation method. Artificial Satellites Journal of Planetary Geodesy 50(3):115–125, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1515/arsa-2015-0009

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Krzyżek R (2015b) Mathematical analysis of the algorithms used in modernized methods of building measurements with RTN GNSS technology. Boletim de Ciências Geodésicas 21(4):848–866, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1590/S1982-21702015000400050

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Krzyżek R (2015c) Modernization of the method of line-line intersection using RTN GNSS technology for determining the position of corners of buildings. Artificial Satellites Journal of Planetary Geodesy 50(1):41–57, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1515/arsa-2015-0004

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Krzyżek R (2017) Evaluating the accuracy of determining coordinates of a corner of a building measured in the RTN GNSS mode, having applied the innovative algorithm of vector translation. Reports on Geodesy and Geoinformatics 103(1):10–21, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1515/rgg-2017-0002

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Luo X, Schaufler S, Carrera M, Celebi I (2018) High-Precision RTK Positioning with Calibration-Free Tilt Compensation. FIG Congress 2018, May 6–11, Istanbul, Turkey

  • Pedley M (2012) eCompass: Build and calibrate a tilt-compensating electronic compass. Circuit Cellar-The Magazine for Computer Applications (265):1–6

  • SBG Systems (2020) IMU - Inertial Measurement Unit, IMU - Inertial Measurement Unit. Retrived March 10, 2023, https://www.sbg-systems.com/inertial-measurement-unit-imu-sensor/

  • Sveinung TK, Jakob BK, Stewart GR (2021) Accuracy of Tilt-compensated GNSS sensors using Network-RTK. BSc Thesis, NTNU Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway

    Google Scholar 

  • Tersus GNSS (2023) Oscar GNSS Receiver Extreme RTK with Tilt Compensation. Retrieved March 10, 2023, https://www.tersus-gnss.com/product/oscar_gnss_receiver

  • Topcon (2023) HiPer VR, Topcon Positioning Systems, Inc. Retrived March 10, 2023, https://www.topconpositioning.com/gnss/gnss-receivers/hiper-vr

  • Wolf PR, Ghilani CD (2008) Elementary surveying, an introduction to geomatics, 12th edition. Prentice Hall Upper Saddle River, New Jersey, USA, 960

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgments

Thank you to the team of Topcon Paksoy Teknik Hizmetler in Turkey for their assistance and insightful suggestions that significantly enhanced the paper. We thank Kübra AYDIN, Fatih GÜMÜŞ, Muhammet BAYBURT, Tutku KUTLU (Graduation Thesis team-2022 Spring Semester).

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Dept. of Geomatics Engineering, Yıldız Technical University, Istanbul, 34220, Türkiye

    Atınç Pırtı

  2. Dept. of Geomatics Engineering, Canakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Canakkale, 17100, Türkiye

    Mehmet Ali Yücel

Authors
  1. Atınç Pırtı
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Mehmet Ali Yücel
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Atınç Pırtı.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Pırtı, A., Yücel, M.A. Evaluating the Accuracy of Determining Coordinates of Corners of the Building Surveyed in Tilt Technology. KSCE J Civ Eng 27, 2629–2636 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12205-023-3309-5

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12205-023-3309-5

Keywords

Search

Navigation