Abstract
In the current study, the improvement of granulated blast furnace slag (GBFS) based geopolymer concrete (GPC) applying 0 – 2% polyolefin fibers (POFs) and 0 – 8% nano-silica (NS) is investigated. After curing the specimens, they are subjected to compressive strength, tensile strength, elastic modulus, Ultrasonic Pulse Velocity (UPV), and impact resistance tests to evaluate their mechanical properties and durability. Moreover, the permeability of specimens is also assessed using water absorption. The compressive strength, tensile strength, and elastic modulus of the concrete increase by up to 22%, 14%, and 24%, respectively. The addition of the POFs to the GPC significantly increases the tensile strength (by up to 9%) and the absorbed energy due to the impact. By adding NS to the GPC composition, the results of the permeability and water capillary absorption test were improved. These results are evaluated through microstructure analysis, along with ultrasonic, X-Ray diffraction (XRD), X-Ray fluorescence (XRF), and scanning electron microscope (SEM) tests.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
ACI 363 (1984) State-of-the-art report on high-strength concrete (ACI 363R-84). American Concrete Institute
ACI 544-2R-89 (1999) A. Measurement of properties of fiber reinforced concrete. ACI Committee, 544
Adak D, Sarkar M, Mandal S (2014) Effect of nano-silica on strength and durability of fly ash based geopolymer mortar. Construction and Building Materials 15;70:453–459, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2014.07.093
Adak D, Sarkar M, Mandal S (2017) Structural performance of nano-silica modified fly-ash based geopolymer concrete. Construction and Building Materials 15;135:430–439, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2016.12.111
Adhikary SK, Rudzionis Z, Balakrishnan A, Jayakumar V (2019) Investigation on the mechanical properties and post-cracking behavior of polyolefin fiber reinforced concrete. Fibers 7(1):8, DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/fib7010008
Ahmad SI, Rahman MS, Alam MS (2020) Water permeability properties of concrete made from recycled brick concrete as coarse aggregate. InIOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 809(1):012015, IOP Publishing, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899X/809/1/012015
Alberti MG, Enfedaque A, Gálvez JC (2015) Improving the reinforcement of polyolefin fiber reinforced concrete for infrastructure applications. Fibers 3(4):504–522, DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/fib3040504
Assaedi H, Alomayri T, Shaikh F, Low IM (2019) Influence of nano silica particles on durability of flax fabric reinforced geopolymer composites. Materials 12(9):1459, DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/ma12091459
ASTM C1585 (2011) Standard test method for measurement of rate of absorption of water by hydraulic cement concretes, ASTM C
ASTM C496 (2017) Standard ASTM C496 (2017) Standard test tethod for splitting tensile strength of cylindrical concrete specimens
ASTM C989/C989M-18a (2018) Standard specification for slag cement for use in concrete and mortars. ASTM International West Conshohocken, PA
Bozkurt N, Yazicioglu S (2010) Strength and capillary water absorption of lightweight concrete under different curing conditions
Chellapandian M, Mani A, Prakash SS (2020) Effect of macro-synthetic structural fibers on the flexural behavior of concrete beams reinforced with different ratios of GFRP bars. Composite Structures 15;254: 112790, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compstruct.2020.112790
Davidovits J (2008) Geopolymer. Chemistry and Applications, Institute Geopolymere, Saint-Quentin, France
Deb PS, Sarker PK, Barbhuiya S (2015) Effects of nano-silica on the strength development of geopolymer cured at room temperature. Construction and Building Materials 30;101:675–683, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2015.10.044
Diaz-Loya EI, Allouche EN, Vaidya S (2011) Mechanical properties of fly-ash-based geopolymer concrete. ACI Materials Journal 1;108(3): 300
Du H, Du S, Liu X (2014) Durability performances of concrete with nano-silica. Construction and Building Materials 30;73:705–712, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2014.10.014
Ekinci E, Türkmen İ, Kantarci F, Karakoç MB (2019) The improvement of mechanical, physical, and durability characteristics of volcanic tuff based geopolymer concrete by using nano silica, micro silica and Styrene-Butadiene Latex additives at different ratios. Construction and Building Materials 20;201:257–267, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2018.12.204
EN B (2000) Testing hardened concrete. Method of determination of compressive strength of concrete cubes. BS EN 12390 Part, 3
Galan A (1967) Estimate of concrete strength by ultrasonic pulse velocity and damping constant. Journal Proceedings
Gülşan ME, Alzeebaree R, Rasheed AA, Niş A, Kurtoğlu AE (2019) Development of fly ash/slag based self-compacting geopolymer concrete using nano-silica and steel fiber. Construction and Building Materials 30;211:271–283, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2019.03.228
Han D, Kim JH, Han M, Yi ST (2020) Use of recycled aggregate as alkali activator to enhance strength development in high-volume blast-furnace slag concrete. KSCE Journal of Civil Engineering 24(3):902–912, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2017.02.159
Islam A, Alengaram UJ, Jumaat MZ, Ghazali NB, Yusoff S, Bashar II (2017) Influence of steel fibers on the mechanical properties and impact resistance of lightweight geopolymer concrete. Construction and Building Materials 152:964–977, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2017.06.092
Kwan WH, Ramli M, Kam KJ, Sulieman MZ (2012) Influence of the amount of recycled coarse aggregate in concrete design and durability properties. Construction and Building Materials 1;26(1):565–573, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2011.06.059
Mehdipour S, Nikbin IM, Dezhampanah S, Mohebbi R, Moghadam H, Charkhtab S, Moradi A (2020) Mechanical properties, durability and environmental evaluation of rubberized concrete incorporating steel fiber and metakaolin at elevated temperatures. Journal of Cleaner Production 1;254:120126, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.120126
Nath P, Sarker PK (2017) Flexural strength and elastic modulus of ambient-cured blended low-calcium fly ash geopolymer concrete. Construction and Building Materials 15;130:22–31, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2016.11.034
Nazari A, Sanjayan JG. (2015) Hybrid effects of alumina and silica nanoparticles on water absorption of geopolymers: Application of Taguchi approach. Measurement 1;60:240–246, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.measurement.2014.10.004
Nematzadeh M, Tayebi M, Samadvand H (2021) Prediction of ultrasonic pulse velocity in steel fiber-reinforced concrete containing nylon granule and natural zeolite after exposure to elevated temperatures. Construction and Building Materials 1;273:121958, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2020.121958
Nikbin IM, Dezhampanah S, Charkhtab S, Mehdipour S, Shahvareh I, Ebrahimi M, Pournasir A, Pourghorban H (2022) Life cycle assessment and mechanical properties of high strength steel fiber reinforced concrete containing waste PET bottle. Construction and Building Materials Jun 27;337:127553
Noushini A, Castel A, Gilbert RI (2019) Creep and shrinkage of synthetic fibre-reinforced geopolymer concrete. Magazine of Concrete Research 71(20):1070–1082, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1680/jmacr.18.00053
Noushini A, Hastings M, Castel A, Aslani F (2018) Mechanical and flexural performance of synthetic fibre reinforced geopolymer concrete. Construction and Building Materials 186:454–475, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2018.07.110
Olivito RS, Zuccarello FA (2010) An experimental study on the tensile strength of steel fiber reinforced concrete. Composites Part B: Engineering 1;41(3):246–255, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compositesb.2009.12.003
Phair JW, Van Deventer JS (2002) Effect of the silicate activator pH on the microstructural characteristics of waste-based geopolymers. International Journal of Mineral Processing 1;66(1–4):121–143, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0301-7516(02)00013-3
Phoo-ngernkham T, Chindaprasirt P, Sata V, Hanjitsuwan S, Hatanaka S (2014) The effect of adding nano-SiO and nano-Al O on properties of high calcium fly ash geopolymer cured at ambient temperature. Materials & Design 1;55:58–65, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matdes.2013.09.049
Rashad AM (2019) The effect of polypropylene, polyvinyl-alcohol, carbon and glass fibres on geopolymers properties. Materials Science and Technology 35(2):127–146, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/02670836.2018.1514096
Ren W, Xu J, Bai E (2016) Strength and ultrasonic characteristics of alkali-activated fly ash-slag geopolymer concrete after exposure to elevated temperatures. Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering 1;28(2):04015124, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)MT.1943-5533.0001406
Ryu GS, Lee YB, Koh KT, Chung YS (2013) The mechanical properties of fly ash-based geopolymer concrete with alkaline activators. Construction and Building Materials 47:409–418, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2013.05.069
Sahmaran M, Yurtseven A (2005) Workability of hybrid fiber reinforced self-compacting concrete. Building and Environment 40:1672–77, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.buildenv.2004.12.014
Shih JY, Chang TP, Hsiao TCs (2006) Effect of nanosilica on characterization of Portland cement composite. Materials Science and Engineering: A 424(1–2):266–274, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.msea.2006.03.010
Sumajouw DM, Hardjito D, Wallah SE, Rangan BV (2007) Fly ash-based geopolymer concrete: Study of slender reinforced columns. Journal of Materials Science 42(9):3124–3130, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10853-006-0523-8
Supit SW, Shaikh FU (2015) Durability properties of high volume fly ash concrete containing nano-silica. Materials and Structures 48(8):2431–2445, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1617/s11527-021-01808-5
Thangapandi K, Anuradha R, Archana N, Muthuraman P, Paul OA, Gobinath R (2020) Experimental study on performance of hardened concrete using nano materials. KSCE Journal of Civil Engineering 24(2):596–602, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12205-020-0871-y
Their JM, Özakça M (2018) Developing geopolymer concrete by using cold-bonded fly ash aggregate, nano-silica, and steel fiber. Construction and Building Materials 180:12–22, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2018.05.274
Vediyappan S, Chinnaraj PK, Hanumantraya BB, Subramanian SK (2021) An experimental investigation on geopolymer concrete utilising micronized biomass silica and GGBS. KSCE Journal of Civil Engineering 25(6):2134–2142, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12205-021-1477-8
Venkatesan RP, Pazhani KC (2016) Strength and durability properties of geopolymer concrete made with ground granulated blast furnace slag and black rice husk ash. KSCE Journal of Civil Engineering 20(6):2384–2391, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12205-015-0564-0
Wardhono A, Gunasekara C, Law DW, Setunge S (2017) Comparison of long term performance between alkali activated slag and fly ash geopolymer concretes. Construction and Building Materials 143:272–279, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2017.03.153
Whitehurst EA (1951) Soniscope tests concrete structures. Journal Proceedings 47(2):433–444
Xu J, Kang AH, Wu ZG, Xiao P, Li B, Lu YM (2021) Research on the formulation and properties of a high-performance geopolymer grouting material based on slag and fly ash. KSCE Journal of Civil Engineering 25(9):3437–3447, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12205-021-1699-9
Zhuang XY, Chen L, Komarneni S, Zhou CH, Tong DS, Yang HM, Yu WH, Wang H (2016) Fly ash-based geopolymer: Clean production, properties and applications. Journal of Cleaner Production 1;125:253–267, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2016.03.019
Acknowledgments
This research was done with the support of Islamic Azad University, Chaloous Branch.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Mansourghanaei, M., Biklaryan, M. & Mardookhpour, A. Durability and Mechanical Properties of Granulated Blast Furnace Slag Based Geopolymer Concrete Containing Polyolefin Fibers and Nano Silica. KSCE J Civ Eng 28, 209–219 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12205-023-2202-6
Received:
Revised:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12205-023-2202-6