Skip to main content

Tsunami Vulnerability Assessment and Multi-Criteria Decision Making Analysis of Eastern Coast of India Using GIS-Based Tools

KSCE Journal of Civil Engineering volume 27, pages 1270–1287 (2023)Cite this article

Abstract

The marine environment is a vital resource that sustains many people and a variety of ecosystems rich in biodiversity. However, coastal resources and human dwellings are exposed to natural calamities like tsunamis. This article explains a GIS-based multi-criteria study of tsunami exposure along India's eastern coast. Six geographical parameters were employed to determine the research area's vulnerability: elevation, slope, population density, coastal proximity, land use land cover (LULC), and flow accumulation. Additionally, the Analytic Hierarchy Process (A.H.P.) was used to weight the characteristics’ criteria. Comparing the vulnerability map to the other parameter maps reveals that highly vulnerable locations are either densely populated or with lower surface elevation or agricultural. GIS-based analyses can assist in various disaster assessments and expedite regional planning for natural disaster prevention and response, like tsunamis. The tsunami susceptibility mapping is expected to aid in the initial stages of tsunami mitigation and management measures along the eastern coast of India in the case of a future tsunami. Moreover, connectivity and safe locations map with primary roads, secondary roads, railway routes, and possible safe locations (high elevation areas) is also mapped to ease the mitigation during an actual tsunami.

This is a preview of subscription content, access via your institution.

Access options

Buy single article

Instant access to the full article PDF.

USD 39.95

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

References

  • Alhamidi, Pakpahan VH, Simanjuntak JES (2018) Analysis of tsunami disaster resilience in bandar lampung bay coastal zone. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 158:12037, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/158/1/012037

    Google Scholar 

  • Balasubramanian A (2017) India-Topography and Slope, University of Mysore, March

  • Bretschneider CL, Wybro PG (1976) Tsunami inundation prediction. Proceedings of the 15th ASCE Conference on Coastal Engineering, Honolulu 1006–1024

  • Burrough PA, McDonnell RA (1998) Principles of geographical information systems. Oxford University Press, New York 356

    Google Scholar 

  • Dall’Osso F, Bovio L, Cavalletti A, Immordino F, Gonella M, Gabbianelli G (2010) A novel approach (the CRATER Method) for assessing tsunami vulnerability at the regional scale using ASTER imagery. Italian Journal of Remote Sensing 42(2):55–74

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dall’Osso F, Gonella M, Gabbianelli G Withycombe G, Dominey-Howes D (2009) A revised (PTVA) model for assessing the vulnerability of buildings to tsunami damage. Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences 9(5):1557–1565, DOI: https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-9-1557-2009

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Deichmann U, Ehrlich D, Small C, Zeug G (2011) Using high resolution satellite data for the identification of urban natural disaster risk. European Union and World Bank

  • Eastman JR, Jin W, Kyem PAK, Toledano J (1995) Raster procedures for multi-criteria/multi-objective decisions. Photogrammetric Engineering & Remote Sensing, American Society for Photorammetry and Remote Sensing 61(5):539–547

    Google Scholar 

  • Eckert S, Jelinek R, Zeug G, Krausmann E (2012) Remote sensing-based assessment of tsunami vulnerability and risk in Alexandria, Egypt. Applied Geography 32(2):714–723, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeog.2011.08.003

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • FEMA (2015) Applications of GIS for Emergency Management, Lesson 1: Introduction and Course Overview, IS-922

  • Gokon H, Koshimura S (2012) Mapping of building damage of the 2011 tohoku earthquake tsunami in miyagi prefecture. Coastal Engineering Journal 54(1):126–138, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1142/S0578563412500064

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hakim WL, Lee C-W (2020) A review on remote sensing and GIS applications to monitor natural disasters in Indonesia. Korean Journal of Remote Sensing 36(6): 1303–1322

    Google Scholar 

  • Hsien LC, Sheng CH (2011) The use of spatial analysis techniques in mapping potential natural hazard areas: A case study of Taiwan. Procedia Environmental Sciences 10(B):1092–1097, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.proenv.2011.09.174

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Huq M, Shoeb AZM, Hossain MA, Fahad S, Kamruzzaman MM, Javed A, Saleem N, Adnan KMM, Sarker SA, Ali MY, Sarven MS (2020) Measuring vulnerability to environmental hazards: Qualitative to quantitative. In Environment, Climate, Plant and Vegetation Growth 421–452, Springer, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-49732-3_17

  • Iida K (1963) Magnitude, Energy and generation mechanisms of tsunamis and a catalogue of earthquakes associated with tsunamis. Proceeding of Tsunami Meeting at the 10th Pacific Science Congress 7–18

  • Jain SK, Murty CVR, Rai DC, Malik JN, Sheth AR, Jaiswal A (2005) Effects of M 9 Sumatra Earthquake and Tsunami of 26 December 2004. Current Science 88(3):357–359

    Google Scholar 

  • Mahendra RS, Mohanty PC, Bisoyi H, Kumar TS, Nayak S (2011) Assessment and management of coastal multi-hazard vulnerability along the cuddalore villupuram, east coast of india using geospatial techniques. Ocean & Coastal Management 54(4):302–311, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ocecoaman.2010.12.008

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Newman JP, Maier HR, Riddell GA, Zecchin AC, Daniell JE, Schaefer AM, van Delden H, Khazai B, O’Flaherty MJ, Newland CP (2017) Review of literature on decision support systems for natural hazard risk reduction: Current status and future research directions. Environmental Modelling & Software 96:378–409, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envsoft.2017.06.042

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Papathoma M, Dominey-Howes D (2003) Tsunami vulnerability assessment and its implications for coastal hazard analysis and disaster management planning, gulf of Corinth, Greece. Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences 3(6):733–747, DOI: https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-3-733-2003

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Papathoma M, Dominey-Howes D, Zong Y, Smith D (2003) Assessing tsunami vulnerability, an example from herakleio, crete. Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences 3(5):377–789, DOI: https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-3-377-2003

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Romer H, Willroth P, Kaiser G Vafeidis AT, Ludwig R, Sterr H, Diez JR (2012) Potential of remote sensing techniques for tsunami hazard and vulnerability analysis - a case study from phan-nga province, thailand. Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences 12(6):2103–2126, DOI: https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-12-2103-2012

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Roxana L, Ciurean DS, Glade T (2013) Conceptual frameworks of vulnerability assessments for natural disasters reduction. INTECH Published 1–32, DOI: https://doi.org/10.5772/55538

  • Saaty (2003) Decision making for leaders; The analytical hierarchy process for decisions in a complex world. European Journal of Operational Research 145(1):85–91, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0377-2217(02)00227-8

    Article  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  • Saaty TL (1977) A scaling methods for priorities in hierarchical structures. Journal of Mathematical Psychology 15(3):234–2381, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-2496(77)90033-5

    Article  MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  • Saaty TL, Vargas LG (1991) Prediction, projection, and forecasting: Application of the analytic hierarchy process in economics, finance, politics, games, and sports. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Boston, MA

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Sahdev S, Kumar M, Singh RB (2020) Seismic vulnerability assessment of NCT of delhi using GIS-based multiple criteria decision analysis BT - geoecology of landscape dynamics. In, edited by Seema Sahdev, R B Singh, and Manish Kumar, 11–20, Singapore: Springer Singapore, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-2097-6_2

  • Sambah AB, Miura F (2013) Remote sensing, GIS, and AHP for assessing physical vulnerability to tsunami hazard. world academy of science, Engineering and Technology. International Journal of Environmental, Ecological, Geological and Mining Engineering 7, DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1088274

  • Sheth A, Sanyal S, Jaiswal A, Gandhi P (2006) Effects of the December 2004 Indian ocean tsunami on the indian mainland. Earthquake Spectra 22(SUPPL. 3), DOI: https://doi.org/10.1193/1.2208562

    Google Scholar 

  • Sinaga TP, Adhi N, Yang-Won L, Yongcheol S (2011) GIS Mapping of tsunami vulnerability: Case study of the jembrana regency in Bali, Indonesia. KSCE Journal of Civil Engineering 15(3):537–543, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12205-011-0741-8

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Song J, Goda K (2019) Influence of elevation data resolution on tsunami loss estimation and insurance rate-making. Frontiers in Earth Science 7, DOI: https://doi.org/10.3389/feart.2019.00246

  • Suhadha AG, Julzarika A (2020) Integration of remote sensing and geographic information system for mapping potential tsunami inundation. 2020 IEEE Asia-Pacific Conference on Geoscience, Electronics and Remote Sensing Technology (AGERS) 163–167, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1109/AGERS51788.2020.9452767

  • Torrieri F, Batà A (2017) Spatial multi-criteria decision support system and strategic environmental assessment: A case study. Buildings, DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings7040096

  • Zuidam RA Van (1983) Guide to geomorphologic - aerial photographic interpretation and mapping. International Institute for Geo-Information Science and Earth Observation, Enschede

Download references

Acknowledgments

The first author (SB) acknowledges the student’s scholarship received from the Ministry of Education, Government of India.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Dept. of Civil Engineering, NIT, Silchar, Assam, 788010, India

    Soham Biswas & Arjun Sil

Authors
  1. Soham Biswas
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Arjun Sil
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Soham Biswas.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and Permissions

About this article

Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Biswas, S., Sil, A. Tsunami Vulnerability Assessment and Multi-Criteria Decision Making Analysis of Eastern Coast of India Using GIS-Based Tools. KSCE J Civ Eng 27, 1270–1287 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12205-023-1493-y

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Revised:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12205-023-1493-y

Keywords

  • Vulnerability
  • Analytic hierarchy process (A.H.P.)
  • Tsunami
  • GIS-based multi criteria analysis
  • Population density