Abstract
In this study, damage assessment model of curved steel–concrete–steel (CSCS) sandwich shells subjected to impact loads was investigated. A numerical simulation method was applied to obtain failure modes of CSCS sandwich shells under impact load by changing the impact velocity as well as the mass and diameter of the hammer. From the 108 finite element (FE) models, three failure modes were found: local deformation, top steel plate fracture, and penetration. The failure mechanism for each failure mode was analyzed based on numerical simulation results, such as impact force and displacement-time histories, varying internal energy, and deformation modes of the structures. The law of failure mode distribution of the CSCS sandwich shell was also summarized. Moreover, the impact force–displacement relationship was obtained using an analytical method, and the FE results were in acceptable agreement with experiments. Finally, damage assessment model of the CSCS sandwich shells was obtained by comparing the hammer initial kinetic energy with the maximum absorbed energy of the CSCS sandwich shell. This model can be used as a quick tool to judge the failure status of the CSCS sandwich shell. The work presented in this paper is of significance and can fill the gap of the damage assessment model of CSCS sandwich shells subjected to impact loads.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Aitor A, Rikardo P, Ane M Z, Alicia C, Michael O (2010) Impact testing and simulation of a polypropylene component. Correlation with strain rate sensitive constitutive models in ANSYS and LS-DYNA. Polymer Testing 29(2):170–180, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.polymertesting.2009.10.007
Ali A, Kim D, Cho SG (2013) Modeling of nonlinear cyclic load behavior of I-shaped composite steel-concrete shear walls of nuclear power plants. Nuclear Engineering and Technology 45(1):89–98, DOI: https://doi.org/10.5516/NET.09.2011.055
Clementi F, Ferrante A, Giordano E, Dubois F, Lenci S (2020) Damage assessment of ancient masonry churches stroked by the Central Italy earthquakes of 2016 by the non-smooth contact dynamics method. Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering 18:455–486, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10518-019-00613-4
Cui Q, Yang J (2021) Evaluation of numerical simulation methods and ice material models for intermediate-velocity hail impact simulation. Engineering Structures 244:112831, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2021.112831
Ghalehnovi M, Yousefi M, Karimipour A, Brito JD, Norooziyan M (2020) Investigation of the behaviour of steel-concrete-steel sandwich slabs with bi-directional corrugated-strip connectors. Applied Sciences 10(23):8647, DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/app10238647
Guo YT, Yang Y, Song SY, Fan JS (2021) Shear–slip failure in steel–concrete–steel composite beams with bidirectional webs. Thin-Walled Structures 164:107743, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tws.2021.107743
Guo Q, Zhao W (2019) Displacement response of steel-concrete composite panels subjected to impact loadings. International Journal of Impact Engineering 131:272–281, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijimpeng.2019.05.022
Hallquist JO (2006) LS-DYNA theory manual. Livermore Software Technology Corporation (LSTC), Livermore, California, America
Hoff GC (1998) A major research program on steel-concrete-steel sandwich elements. Construction 174:37–88
Huang Z, Liew JYR (2015a) Nonlinear finite element modelling and parametric study of curved steel-concrete-steel double skin composite panels infilled with ultra-lightweight cement composite. Construction and Building Materials 95:922–938, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2015.07.134
Huang Z, Liew JYR (2016a) Compressive resistance of steel-concrete-steel sandwich composite walls with J-hook connectors. Journal of Constructional Steel Research 124:142–162, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcsr.2016.05.001
Huang Z, Liew JYR (2016b) Experimental and analytical studies of curved steel-concrete-steel sandwich panels under patch loads. Materials and Design 93:104–117, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matdes.2015.12.144
Huang ZY, Liew JYR (2016c) Steel-concrete-steel sandwich composite structures subjected to extreme loads. International Journal of Steel Structures 16(4):1009–1028, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13296-016-0026-7
Huang Z, Liew JYR (2016d) Structural behaviour of steel–concrete–steel sandwich composite wall subjected to compression and end moment. Thin-Walled Structures 98:592–606, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tws.2015.10.013
Huang ZY, Wang JY, Liew JYR, Marshall PW (2015b) Lightweight steel-concrete-steel sandwich composite shell subject to punching shear. Ocean Engineering 102:146–161, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.oceaneng.2015.04.054
Jaswanth G, Ajay K, Kasturi B, Hrishikesh S (2022) Performance-based probabilistic capacity models for reinforced concrete and prestressed concrete protective structures subjected to missile impact. International Journal of Impact Engineering 164:104207, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijimpeng.2022.104207
Kim TH, Lee KM, Chung YS, Shin HM (2005) Seismic damage assessment of reinforced concrete bridge columns. Engineering Structures 27:576–592, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2004.11.016
Liew JYR, Sohel KMA, Koh CG (2009) Impact tests on steel-concrete-steel sandwich beams with lightweight concrete core. Engineering Structures 31(9):2045–2059, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2009.03.007
Lin Y, Yan J, Cao Z, Zeng X, Fan F, Zou C (2018) Ultimate strength behaviour of S-UHPC-S and SCS sandwich beams under shear loads. Journal of Constructional Steel Research 149:195–206, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcsr.2018.07.024
Lin Y, Yan J, Wang Y, Fan F, Zou C (2019) Shear failure mechanisms of SCS sandwich beams considering bond-slip between steel plates and concrete. Engineering Structures 181:458–475, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2018.12.025
Meng L, Wang Y, Zhai X (2021) Experimental and numerical studies on steel-polyurethane foam-steel–concrete-steel panel under impact loading by a hemispherical head. Engineering Structures 247:113201, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2021.113201
Mizuno J, Koshika N, Sawamoto Y, Niwa N, Yamashita T, Suzuki A (2005) Investigation on impact resistance of steel plate reinforced concrete barriers against aircraft Impact Part 1: Test program and results. 18th International Conference on Structural Mechanics in Reactor Technology (SMiRT 18) Beijing, China, August 7–12, SMiRT18-J05-
Montague P (1975) A simple composite construction for cylindrical shells subjected to external pressure. Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science 17(2):105–113, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1243/JMES_JOUR_1975_017_016_02
Murray Y (2007) Users manual for LS-DYNA concrete material model 159. Federal Highway Administration, McLean, Virginia, America
Shashank C, Pundan KS, Sangeeta K, Krishna K, Puneet M, Rahul KV (2020) Ballistic impact behaviour of newly developed armour grade steel: An experimental and numerical study. International Journal of Impact Engineering 140:103557, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijimpeng.2020.103557
Sohel KMA, Liew JYR (2014) Behavior of steel-concrete-steel sandwich slabs subject to impact load. Journal of Constructional Steel Research 100:163–175, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcsr.2014.04.018
Sohel KMA, Liew JYR Koh CG (2015) Numerical modelling of lightweight Steel-Concrete-Steel sandwich composite beams subjected to impact. Thin-Walled Structures 94:135–146, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tws.2015.04.001
Su Q, Cai G, Larbi AS (2019) Seismic damage assessment indexes for masonry structures. Journal of Structural Engineering 145:04019066, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)ST.1943-541X.0002347
Timoshenko SP, Woinowsky-Krieger S (1959) Theory of plates and shells. McGraw-Hill Wang Y, Liew JYR, Lee SC (2015) Theoretical models for axially restrained steel-concrete-steel sandwich panels under blast loading. International Journal of Impact Engineering 76:221–231, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijimpeng.2014.10.005
Wang Y, Lu J, Liu S, Zhai X, Zhi X, Yan JB (2021a) Behaviour of a novel stiffener-enhanced steel–concrete–steel sandwich beam subjected to impact loading. Thin-Walled Structures 165:107989, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tws.2021.107989
Wang Y, Sah TP, Lu J, Zhai X (2021b) Behavior of steel-concrete-steel sandwich beams with blot connectors under off-center impact load. Journal of Constructional Steel Research 186:106889, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcsr.2021.106889
Wang Z, Yan J, Lin Y, Fan F (2021c) Influence of shear connectors on the ultimate capacity of steel-uhpc-steel slabs subjected to concentrated loads. Engineering Structures 231:111763, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2020.111763
Wang Z, Yan J, Lin Y, Fan F, Yang Y (2020a) Mechanical properties of steel-UHPC-steel slabs under concentrated loads considering composite action. Engineering Structures 222:111095, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2020.111095
Wang Z, Yan J, Lin Y, Fang T, Ma J (2020b) Study on failure mechanism of prestressed concrete containments following a loss of coolant accident. Engineering Structures 202:109860, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2019.109860
Wang J, Yan JB, Wang T, Liu Q, Zhang L (2021d) Behaviour of steel-concrete-steel sandwich walls with EC connectors under out-of-plane patch loads. Engineering Structures 238:112257, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2021.112257
Wang Y, Zhai X, Lee SC, Wang W (2016) Responses of curved steel-concrete-steel sandwich shells subjected to blast loading. Thin-Walled Structures 108:185–192, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tws.2016.08.018
Wu X, Li Y, Cai W, Guo K, Zhu L (2022) Dynamic responses and energy absorption of sandwich panel with aluminium honeycomb core under ice wedge impact. International Journal of Impact Engineering 162:104137, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijimpeng.2021.104137
Yan JB, Liew JYR, Zhang MH, Li ZX (2016a) Punching shear resistance of steel-concrete-steel sandwich composite shell structure. Engineering Structures 117:470–485, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2016.03.029
Yan J B, Qian X, Liew JYR, Zong L (2016b) Damage plasticity based numerical analysis on steel-concrete-steel sandwich shells used in the Arctic offshore structure. Engineering Structures 117:542–559, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2016.03.028
Yan JB, Xiong MX, Qian X, Liew JYR (2016c) Numerical and parametric study of curved steel-concrete-steel sandwich composite beams under concentrated loading. Materials and Structures 49(10):3981–4001, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1617/s11527-015-0768-2
Yan C, Wang Y, Zhai X (2020a) Low velocity impact performance of curved steel-concrete-steel sandwich shells with bolt connectors. Thin-Walled Structures 150:106672, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tws.2020.106672
Yan C, Wang Y, Zhai X, Meng L (2019) Experimental study on curved steel-concrete-steel sandwich shells under concentrated load by a hemi-spherical head. Thin-Walled Structures 137:117–128, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tws.2019.01.007
Yan C, Wang Y, Zhai X, Meng L (2020b) Strength assessment of curved steel-concrete-steel sandwich shells with bolt connectors under concentrated load. Engineering Structures 212:110465, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2020.110465
Yan JB, Zhang W (2017) Numerical analysis on steel-concrete-steel sandwich plates by damage plasticity model: From materials to structures. Construction and Building Materials 149:801–815, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2017.05.171
Zhao C, He K, Zhi L, Lu X, Pan R, Gautam A, Wang J, Li X (2021) Blast behavior of steel-concrete-steel sandwich panel: Experiment and numerical simulation. Engineering Structures 246:112998, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2021.112998
Zhao W, Guo Q, Dou X, Zhou Y, Ye Y (2018a) Impact response of steel-concrete composite panels: Experiments and FE analyses. Steel and Composite Structures 26(3):255–263, DOI: https://doi.org/10.12989/scs.2018.26.3.255
Zhao W, Guo Q, Zhao W, Guo Q (2018b) Experimental study on impact and post-impact behavior of steel-concrete composite panels. Thin-Walled Structures 130:405–413, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tws.2018.06.012
Zhao W, Wang L, Yang G, Wang Z, Guo Q (2020) Strain rate effect of steel-concrete composite panel indented by a hemispherical rigid body. Steel and Composite Structures 36(6):703–710, DOI: https://doi.org/10.12989/scs.2020.36.6.703
Acknowledgments
The research presented in this study is financially supported by the Funds for Creative Research Groups of National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 51921006), the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (Grant No. FRFCU5710051919), the National Key Research and Development Project of China (Grant No. 2020YFB1901403) and Heilongjiang Postdoctoral Fund (Grant No.: LBH-TZ1014 and LBH-Q21099).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Yan, C., Wang, Y. & Zhai, X. Numerical and Theoretical Study on Failure Characteristics and Damage Assessment Model of Curved Steel-Concrete-Steel Sandwich Shells Subjected to Impact Load. KSCE J Civ Eng 27, 4274–4287 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12205-023-1360-x
Received:
Revised:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12205-023-1360-x