Abstract
The study described in the paper focuses on the compressive strength of concrete columns that are reinforced with carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP). The researchers aimed to identify the main parameters that affect the compressive strength of these confined columns. They used models to analyze and study the relationship between these parameters and the compressive strength. The study found that certain parameters had an inverse relationship with compressive strength. These parameters include the column diameter, CFRP fracture strain, and modulus of elasticity. On the other hand, the CFRP thickness and concrete strength exhibited a positive relationship with the compressive strength. The study also determined that the influence of column diameter and CFRP thickness was greater compared to the influence of CFRP fracture strain and elastic modulus on the compressive strength. To predict the compressive strength, the researchers developed a machine learning algorithm-based compressive strength prediction model. They found that a backpropagation (BP) neural network model showed high prediction accuracy and robustness in predicting the strength. Additionally, the researchers’ model was analyzed, and it was found that while the calculated values from their model aligned well with the experimental results, there were some issues with overestimating or conservatively estimating the compressive strength in certain cases.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Abdelrahman K, El-Hacha R (2012) Behavior of large-scale concrete columns wrapped with CFRP and SFRP sheets. Journal of Composites for Construction 16(4):430–439, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)CC.1943-5614.0000278
Aire C, Gettu R, Casas JR (2001) Study of the compressive behavior of concrete confined by fiber reinforced composites. Carbon 1:239–243
Benzaid R Mesbah H, Chikh NE (2010) FRP-confined concrete cylinders: Axial compression experiments and strength model. Journal of Reinforced Plastics and Composites 29(16):2469–2488, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0731684409355199
Berthet JF, Ferrier E, Hamelin P (2005) Compressive behavior of concrete externally confined by composite jackets. Part A: Experimental study. Construction and Building Materials 19(3): 223–232, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2004.05.012
Bullo S (2003) Experimental study of the effects of the ultimate strain of fiber reinforced plastic jackets on the behavior of confined concrete. Proceedings of the International Conference Composites in Construction, Cosenza, Italy, 16–19
Carey SA, Harries KA (2005) Axial behavior and modeling of small-, medium-, and large-scale cylindrical sections confined with CFRP jackets. ACI Structural Journal 102(4):596–604, DOI: https://doi.org/10.14359/14564
Cui C, Sheikh SA (2010) Experimental study of normal-and high-strength concrete confined with fiber-reinforced polymers. Journal of Composites for Construction 14(5):553–561, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)CC.1943-5614.0000116
da Silva VD, Santos JMC (2001) Strengthening of axially loaded concrete cylinders by surface composites. Composites in Construction, 257–262
De Lorenzis L, Micelli F, La Tegola A (2002) Influence of specimen size and resin type on the behaviour of FRP-confined concrete cylinders. Advanced Polymer Composites for Structural Applications in Construction, 231–239, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1680/apcfsaic.31227.0024
Demers M, Neale KW (1994) Strengthening of concrete columns with unidirectional composite sheets. Developments in Short and Medium Span Bridge Engineering, 895–905
Gao XH, Gao L, Zhang F (2023) A new bond-slip model of hybrid bonded FRP-to-concrete joints. KSCE Journal of Civil Engineering 27(1):270–284, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12205-022-2286-4
Harmon TG, Slattery KT (1992) Advanced composite confinement of concrete. In Advanced Composite Materials in Bridges and Structures, 299–306
Howie I, Karbhari VM (1995) Effect of Tow sheet composite wrap architecture on strengthening of concrete due to confinement: I — Experimental studies. Journal of Reinforced Plastics and Composites 14(9):1008–1030, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/073168449501400906
Jiang T, Teng JG (2007) Analysis-oriented models for FRP-confined concrete: A comparative assessment. Engineering Structures 29(11): 2968–2986, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2007.01.010
Karbhari VM, Gao Y (1997) Composite jacketed concrete under uniaxial compression — Verification of simple design equations. Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering 9(4):185–193, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0899-1561(1997)9:4(185)
Karina CN, Chun PJ, Okubo K (2017) Tensile strength prediction of corroded steel plates by using machine learning approach. Steel and Composite Structures 24(5):635–641, DOI: https://doi.org/10.12989/scs.2017.24.5.635
Kono S, Inazumi M, Kaku T (1998) Evaluation of confining effects of CFRP sheets on reinforced concrete members. Second International Conference on Composites in Infrastructure National Science Foundation, 1
Kshirsagar S, Lopez-Anido RA, Gupta RK (2000) Environmental aging of fiber-reinforced polymer-wrapped concrete cylinders. Materials Journal 97(6):703–712, DOI: https://doi.org/10.14359/9985
Lam L, Teng JG (2003) Design-oriented stress–strain model for FRP-confined concrete. Construction and Building Materials 17(6–7): 471–489, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0950-0618(03)00045-X
Lam L, Teng JG (2004) Ultimate condition of fiber reinforced polymer-confined concrete. Journal of Composites for Construction 8(6): 539–548, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)1090-0268(2004)8:6(539)
Lam L, Teng JG, Cheung CH, Xiao Y (2006) FRP-confined concrete under axial cyclic compression. Cement and Concrete Composites 28(10):949–958, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cemconcomp.2006.07.007
Li G, Hu T, Bai D (2021) BP neural network improved by sparrow search algorithm in predicting debonding strain of FRP-strengthened RC beams. Advances in Civil Engineering 2021:1–13, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/9979028
Lin CT, Li YF (2003) An effective peak stress formula for concrete confined with carbon fiber reinforced plastics. Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering 30(5):882–889, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1139/l03-04
Marques PF, Chastre C (2012) Performance analysis of load–strain models for circular columns confined with FRP composites. Composite Structures 94(11):3115–3131, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compstruct.2012.04.036
Matthys S, Taerwe L, Audenaert K (1999) Tests on axially loaded concrete columns confined by fiber reinforced polymer sheet wrapping. Special Publication 188:217–228, DOI: https://doi.org/10.14359/5624
Micelli F, Modarelli R (2013) Experimental and analytical study on properties affecting the behaviour of FRP-confined concrete. Composites Part B: Engineering 45(1):1420–1431, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compositesb.2012.09.055
Micelli F, Myers JJ, Murthy S (2001) Effect of environmental cycles on concrete cylinders confined with FRP. Proceedings of CCC2001 International Conference on Composites in Construction, Porto, Portugal
Modarelli R, Micelli F, Manni O (2005) FRP-confinement of hollow concrete cylinders and prisms. Proceedings of the 7th International Symposium on Fiber Reinforced Polymer Reinforcement of Reinforced Concrete Structures, 1029–1046
Newman K, Newman JB (1971) Failure theories and design criteria for plain concrete. Structure, Solid Mechanics and Engineering Design, 963–995
Nguyen H, Vu T, Vo TP, Thai HT (2021) Efficient machine learning models for prediction of concrete strengths. Construction and Building Materials 266:120950, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2020.120950
Ozbakkaloglu T (2013) Compressive behavior of concrete-filled FRP tube columns: Assessment of critical column parameters. Engineering Structures 51:188–199, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2013.01.017
Picher F, Rochette P, Labossiere P (1996) Confifinement of concrete cylinders with CFRP. Proc, 1st international conference on composites for infrastructures. Tucson, AZ: University of Arizona, 829–41
Purba BK, Mufti AA (1999) Investigation of the behavior of circular concrete columns reinforced with carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) jackets. Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering 26(5):590–596, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1139/l99-022
Rochette P, Labossiere P (2000) Axial testing of rectangular column models confined with composites. Journal of Composites for Construction 4(3):129–136, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)1090-0268(2000)4:3(129)
Rousakis T, Tepfers R (2004) Behavior of concrete confined by high E-modulus carbon FRP sheets, subjected to monotonic and cyclic axial compressive load. Nordic Concrete Research-Publications 31:73
Sadeghian P, Fam A (2015) Improved design-oriented confinement models for FRP-wrapped concrete cylinders based on statistical analyses. Engineering Structures 87:162–182, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2015.01.024
Shahawy M, Mirmiran A, Beitelman T (2000) Tests and modeling of carbon-wrapped concrete columns. Composites Part B: Engineering 31(6–7):471–480, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S1359-8368(00)00021-4
Sharaf T, Hosny S, Sasaki E, Ibrahim MG (2022) Experimental and numerical analysis of the behavior of corroded steel plates strengthened with thin-ply glass/carbon hybrid FRP composites. Ain Shams Engineering Journal 13(2):101557, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.asej.2021.08.002
Shehata IA, Carneiro LA, Shehata LC (2002) Strength of short concrete columns confined with CFRP sheets. Materials and Structures 35:50–58, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02482090
Smith ST, Kim SJ, Zhang H (2010) Behavior and effectiveness of FRP wrap in the confinement of large concrete cylinders. Journal of Composites for Construction 14(5):573–582, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)CC.1943-5614.0000119
Toutanji H, Balaguru P (1998) Durability characteristics of concrete columns wrapped with FRP tow sheets. Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering 10(1):52–57, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0899-1561(1998)10:1(52)
Toutanji H, Deng Y (2001) Performance of concrete columns strengthened with fiber reinforced polymer composite sheets. Advanced Composite Materials 10(2–3):159–168, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1163/156855101753396636
Vu QV, Truong VH, Thai HT (2021) Machine learning-based prediction of CFST columns using gradient tree boosting algorithm. Composite Structures 259:113505, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compstruct.2020.113505
Wang F, Cheong K (2001) RC columns strengthened by FRP under uniaxial compression. In FRP Composites in Civil Engineering. Proceedings of the International Conference on FRP composites in Civil EngineeringHong Kong Institution of Engineers, Hong Kong Institution of Steel Construction, (1)
Wang Z, Wang D, Smith ST, Lu D (2012) Experimental testing and analytical modeling of CFRP-confined large circular RC columns subjected to cyclic axial compression. Engineering Structures 40:64–74, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2012.01.004
Wang LM, Wu YF (2008) Effect of corner radius on the performance of CFRP-confined square concrete columns: Test. Engineering Structures 30(2):493–505, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2007.04.016
Watanable K, Nakamura H, Honda T, Toyoshima M, Iso M, Fujimaki T (1997) Confinement effect of FRP sheet on strength and ductility of concrete cylinders under uniaxial compression. Non-Metallic (FRP) Reinforcement for Concrete Structures. Japan Concrete Institute. Proceedings of the Third International Symposium 1:233–240
Wu YF, Jiang JF (2013) Effective strain of FRP for confined circular concrete columns. Composite Structures 95:479–491, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compstruct.2012.08.021
Wu G, Lü ZT, Wu ZS (2006) Strength and ductility of concrete cylinders confined with FRP composites. Construction and Building Materials 20(3):134–148, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2005.01.022
Xiao Y, Wu H (2000) Compressive behavior of concrete confined by carbon fiber composite jackets. Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering 12(2):139–146, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0899-1561(2000)12:2(139)
Youssef MN, Feng MQ, Mosallam AS (2007) Stress-strain model for concrete confined by FRP composites. Composites Part B: Engineering 38(5–6):614–628, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compositesb.2006.07.020
Zhang M, Akiyama M, Shintani M, Xin J, Frangopol DM (2021) Probabilistic estimation of flexural loading capacity of existing RC structures based on observational corrosion-induced crack width distribution using machine learning. Structural Safety 91:102098, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.strusafe.2021.102098
Zohrevand P, Mirmiran A (2011) Behavior of ultrahigh-performance concrete confined by fiber-reinforced polymers. Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering 23(12):1727–1734, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)MT.1943-5533.0000324
Acknowledgments
The authors would like to acknowledge the research grants from China’s Natural Science Foundation (52008108) and Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation (2019A1515110481).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Yu, Y., Hu, T. Machine Learning Based Compressive Strength Prediction Model for CFRP-confined Columns. KSCE J Civ Eng 28, 315–327 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12205-023-0827-0
Received:
Revised:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12205-023-0827-0