Abstract
To figure out the influence of soft-hard layer thickness ratio on specimens’ mechanical properties evolution and microcracking mechanism, combined with digital image correlation technology and acoustic emission facility, uniaxial compression tests were conducted on soft-hard interbedded rock-like materials considering seven bedding dip angles and two soft-hard layer thickness ratios. The results are as follows: 1) The failure mode and failure pattern of layered rock masses are mainly determined by the bedding dip angle α and are less related to the soft-hard thickness ratio. With the increase of dip angle, the failure strength curve of the specimen is approximately U-shaped, and the soft-hard layer thickness ratio affects the U-shaped. The decrease in soft-hard layer thickness ratio will reduce the uniaxial compressive strength of specimens with low dip angles (α≦30°), cause differences in the evolution path of local strain fields of layered rock masses and reduce the horizontal displacement of the main crack. 2) The increase of the proportion of soft layer in the soft-hard layer thickness ratio will reduce the proportion of tensile cracks in the tensile failure specimens and shear cracks in the shear failure specimens, complicating the process of cracks of the layer rock mass. 3) Increasing the proportion of soft layers in the soft-hard layers thickness ratio promotes the generation of secondary cracks in layered rock masses and further reduces the integrity of specimens. Finally, through the findings in this paper, it can provide a reference for analyzing the crack propagation behavior of layered rock.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Abbas, Q, Kim G, Kim I, Kyung D, Lee J (2021) Lateral load behavior of inclined micropiles installed in soil and rock layers. International Journal of Geomachanics 21(6), DOI: https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)GM.1943-5622.0002021
Ban YX, Fu X, Xie Q, Duan J, Asnida R (2021) Failure characteristics of obliqued-layers shale specimens from experimental observation. Arabian Journal for Science and Engineering 46(11):10757–10770, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13369-021-05538-2
Chai J, Liu, YL, OuYang YB, Zhang DD, Du WG (2020) Application of digital image correlation technique for the damage characteristic of rock-like specimens under uniaxial compression. Advance In Civil Engineering, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/8857495
Cheng Y, Song ZP, Chang XX, Wang T (2020a) Energy evolution principles of shock-wave in sandstone under unloading stress. Ksce Journal of Civil Engineering 24(10):2912–2922, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12205-020-1691-9
Cheng Y, Song ZP, Jin JF, Wang T, Yang TT (2020b) Waveform characterization and energy dissipation of stress wave in sandstone based on modified SHPB tests. Geomechanics and Engineering 22(2):187–196, DOI: https://doi.org/10.12989/gae.2020.22.2.187
Cheng Y, Song ZP, Song WX, Li SG, Yang TT, Zhang ZK, Wang T, Wang KS (2021) Strain performance and fracture response characteristics of hard rock under cyclic disturbance loading. Geomechanics and Engineering 26(6):551–563, DOI: https://doi.org/10.12989/gae.2021.26.6.551
Cheng Y, Song ZP, Yang TT, Han JJ, Wang BW, Zhang ZK (2022) Investigating the aging damage evolution characteristics of layered hard sandstone using digital image correlation. Construction and Building Materials 353, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2022.128838
Debecker B, André (2009) Experimental observation of fracture patterns in layered slate. International Journal of Fracture 159(1):51–62, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10704-009-9382-z
Feng J, Yang HJ, Zhang Y (2022) A study on excavation characteristics of tunnel with upper-soft lower-hard stratum. Geofluids, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/1094281
Ghiasi V, Ghiasi S, Prasad A (2012) Evaluation of tunnelsunder squeezing rock condition. Journal of Engineering, Design and Technology 10(2):168–179, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/17260531211241167
Gan YX, Wu SC, Ren Y, Zhang G (2020) Evaluation indexes of granite splitting failure based on RA and AF of AE parameters. Rock and Soil Mechanics 41(7):2324–2332, DOI: https://doi.org/10.16285/j.rsm.2019.1460
Ghafari M, Nahazanan H, Yusoff ZM, Ghiasi V (2021) Effect of soil cohesion and friction angles on reverse faults. Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration 20(2):329–334, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11803-021-2023-x
Hao XJ, Wang SH, Xu QS, Yang DQ, Zhang Q, Jin DX, Wei YN (2020) Influences of confining pressure and bedding angles on the deformation, fracture and mechanical characteristics of slate. Constr. Building Materi. 243, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2020.118255
Heng S, Guo YT, Yang CH, Daemen Jack JK, Li Z (2015) Experimental and theoretical study of the anisotropic properties of shale. International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences 74:58–68, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijrmms.2015.01.003
Hu JH, Wen GP, Lin QB, Cao P, Li S (2020) Mechanical properties and crack evolution of double-layer composite rock-like specimens with two parallel fissures under uniaxial compression. Theoretical and Applied Fracture Mechanics 108:102610, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tafmec.2020.102610
Hu B, Yang SQ, Xu P, Cheng JL (2019) Cyclic loading-unloading creep behavior of composite layered specimens. Acta Geophysica 67(2): 449–464, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11600-019-00261-x
Li A, Shao GJ, Li YD, Sun Y, Su JB, Liu JC (2022) Investigation into deformation and failure characteristics of the soft-hard interbedded rock mass under multiaxial compression. Frontiers in Earth Science 10, DOI: https://doi.org/10.3389/feart.2022.903743
Luo PK, Wang LC, Li DY, Yang JS, Lv XX (2022) Deformation and failure mechanism of horizontal soft and hard interlayered rock under uniaxial compression based on digital image correlation method. Eng. Fail. Analysis 142, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engfailanal.2022.106823
Lu SS, Cook R, Zhang Y, Reed P (2021) Investigating the fatigue performance of soft multilayer coatings with varying locations of an intermetallic interlayer. International Journal of Fatigue 145, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijfatigue.2020.106130
Lin QB, Cao P, Wen GP, Meng JJ, Cao RH, Zhao ZY (2021) Crack coalescence in rock-like specimens with two dissimilar layers and pre-existing double parallel joints under uniaxial compression. International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences 139:104621, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijrmms.2021.104621
Lv H, Peng K, Shang XY, Wang YP, Liu QZ (2022) Experimental research on the mechanical and acoustic emission properties of layered sandstone during tensile failure. Theoretical and Applied Fracture Mechanics 118:103225, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tafmec.2021.103225
Munoz H, Taheri A, Chanda EK (2016) Pre-peak and post-peak rock strain characteristics during uniaxial compression by 3D digital image correlation. Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering 49(7):2541–2554, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00603-016-0935-y
Niandou H, Shao JF, Henry JP, Fourmaintraux D (1998) Laboratory investigation of the mechanical behaviour of tournemire shale (vol 34, pg 3, 1997). International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences 35(1):107–107, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S1365-1609(98)80029-4
Ohno K, Ohtsu M (2010) Crack classification in concrete based on acoustic emission. Construction and Building Materials 24(12):2339–2346, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2010.05.004
Qi CZ, Wang MY, Qian QH (2009) Strain-rate effects on the strength and fragmentation size of rocks. International Journal of Impact Engineering 36(12):1355–1364, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijimpeng.2009.04.008
Qi YL, Wen SQ, Bai MZ, Shi H, Li PX, Zhou H, He BH (2021) Evaluation and deformation control study on the bias pressure of layered rock tunnels. Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2021, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/9937678
Sun XM, Zhao CW, Zhang Y, Chen F, Zhang SK, Zhang KY (2021) Physical model test and numerical simulation on the failure mechanism of the roadway in layered soft rocks. International Journal of Mining Science and Technology 31(2):291–302, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijmst.2021.01.003
Sher EN (2020) Modeling propagation of fractures in layered rock mass during blasting and hydraulic fracturing. Journal of Mining Science 56(6):914–924, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1134/S1062739120060046
Shi ZM, Shen DY, Zhang QZ, Peng M, Li QD (2018) Experimental study on the coupled shear flow behavior of jointed rock samples. European Journal of Environmental and Civil Engineering 22: s333–s350, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/19648189.2017.1390498
Song ZP, Cheng Y, Tian XX, Wang JB, Yang TT (2020) Mechanical properties of limestone from Maixi tunnel under hydro-mechanical coupling. Arabian Journal of Geosciences 13(11), DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12517-020-05373-z
Tien YM, Kuo MC, Juang CH (2006) An experimental investigation of the failure mechanism of simulated transversely isotropic rocks. Int. International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences 43(8):1163–1181, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijrmms.2006.03.011
Wasantha PL, Ranjith PPG, Shao SS (2014) Energy monitoring and analysis during deformation of bedded-sandstone: Use of acoustic emission. Ultrasonics 54(1):217–226, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ultras.2013.06.015
Wang YQ, Peng K, Shang XY, Li LP, Liu ZP, Wu Y, Long K (2021) Experimental and numerical simulation study of crack coalescence modes and microcrack propagation law of fissured sandstone under uniaxial compression. Theoretical and Applied Fracture Mechanics 115, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tafmec.2021.103060
Xu B, Liu XR, Zhou XH, Huang JH, Wang LF, Lin GY, Wang JW, Zhang JL (2022) Investigations on the macro-meso cumulative damage mechanism of the discontinuities in soft-hard interbedded rock mass under pre-peak cyclic shear loading. International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences 158, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijrmms.2022.105184
Yang HP (2020) Experimental study and numerical simulation on rock-like materials containing weak layers and holes. Geotechnical and Geological Engineering 38(4):3983–3995, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10706-020-01272-y
Yang L, Sharafisafa M, Shen LM (2021) On the fracture mechanism of rock-like materials with interbedded hard-soft layers under Brazilian tests. Theoretical and Applied Fracture Mechanics 116, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tafmec.2021.103102
Yong T, Li ZH, Cheng ZH, Zou QL, Cao JL, Huang YB (2021) Deformation and failure characteristics of composite coal mass. Environmental Earth Sciences 80(3), DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12665-021-09395-y
Zhang XT, Bian HB, Jia Y, Shao JF (2018) Numerical modelling of long-term stability of the rock joint. European Journal of Environmental and Civil Engineering 22:s415–s433, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/19648189.2017.1370614
Zhang T, Xu WY, Huang W, Wu GY (2023) Experimental study on mechanical properties of multi-layered rock mass and statistical damage constitutive model under hydraulic-mechanical coupling. European Journal of Environmental and Civil Engineering 27(6): 2388–2398, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/19648189.2020.1763841
Zhang HY, Guo JQ, Sun FY, Shi XY, Zhu ZH (2022) Experimental study on acoustic emission characteristics in the fracture process of granite under dry and saturated state. Geotechnical and Geological Engineering 40(10):5213–5231, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10706-022-02212-8
Zhou X, Liu XF, Wang XR, Liu YB, Xie H, Du PF (2022) Acoustic emission characteristics of coal failure under triaxial loading and unloading disturbance. Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00603-022-03104-2
Acknowledgments
The authors acknowledge the projects supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (52209122), Chongqing Science and Technology Commission (CSTB2023NSCQ-MSX0864), and Chongqing University of Science & Technology (ckrc2022009) and Chongqing University Graduate Student Research Innovation Project (CYS22050).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Xie, Q., Gao, H., Ban, Y. et al. Influence of Layer Thickness Ratio on the Mechanical and Failure Properties of Soft-Hard Interbedded Rock-like Material. KSCE J Civ Eng 27, 4962–4977 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12205-023-0398-0
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12205-023-0398-0