Abstract
The fissure in expansive soil is an important factor to control the failure and stability of expansive soil foundation, slope, and underground engineering. This study utilizes the uniaxial compression–resistivity testing system to investigate the damage evolution of expansive clay with filled fissures by evaluating the stress–strain–resistivity curves of filled fissures with inclination angles of 0°, 15°, 30, 45°, and 60°. Within the study context, the samples were continuously photographed and observed during the test, and the local strain was analyzed using digital image correlation technology. Moreover, a mechanical damage model of fissured expansive soil was proposed based on the resistivity testing data. Generally, the test results have shown increasing the inclination angles of fissures decreases the strength linearly and changes the stress–strain behavior from hardening to softening. The failure modes of various fissure morphologies are classified into three main types: compressive fracture failure (0°), slip-fracture coupling failure (15° and 30°), and slip failure (45° and 60°). The development characteristics of local strains with different fissure inclination angles are significantly different. Moreover, the soil’s effective conductivity and strain have shown significance when developing damage models. This study provides a reference for understanding fissured soil’s failure process and applying comprehensive resistivity testing technology in fissured soil mechanics.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
ASTM D-2487 (2017) Standard practice for classification of soils for engineering purposes (Unified Soil Classification System). American Society for Testing and Materials: West Conshohocken
Bai W, Kong LW, Guo AG, Lin RB (2017) Stress-strain-electrical evolution properties and damage-evolution equation of lateritic soil under uniaxial compression. Journal of Testing and Evaluation 45(4):1247–1260, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1520/JTE20150237
Cheng ZL, Gong BW, Hu B (2015) Shear strength of expansive soil and its test method. Rock and Soil Mechanics 37(S1):11–15, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11779/CJGE2015S1003 (in Chinese)
Cheng Y, Xu Y, Wang L, Wang L (2022) Stability of expansive soil slopes reinforced with anchor cables based on rotational-translational mechanisms. Computers and Geotechnics 146:104747, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compgeo.2022.104747
Dai ZJ, Guo JH, Luo HM, Li J, Chen SX (2020) Strength characteristics and slope stability analysis of expansive soil with filled fissures. Appllied Sciences 10(13):4616, DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/app10134616
Drucker DC, Prager W (1952) Soil mechanics and plastic analysis or limit design. Quarterly of Applied Mathematics 10(2):157–165, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1090/qam/48291
Duncan JM, Chang CY (1970) Nonlinear analysis of stress and strain in soils. Soil Mechanics and Foundation Division Journal 96(5):1629–1653, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1061/JSFEAQ.0001458
Fookes PG (1965) Orientation of fissures in stiff overconsolidated clay of the siwalik system. Géotechnique 15(2):195–206, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1680/geot.1965.15.2.195
Fookes PG, Denness B (1969) Observational studies on fissure patterns in cretaceous sediments of south-east England. Géotechnique 19(4):453–477, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1680/geot.1969.19.4.453
Gong BW, Cheng ZL, Hu B, Zhao L (2014) Research on engineering properties of fissures in expansive soil. Rock and Soil Mechanics 35(7):1825–1830, DOI: https://doi.org/10.16285/j.rsm.2014.07.039 (in Chinese)
Hong CH, Ryu HH, Oh TM, Cho GC (2020) Probabilistic rock mass rating estimation using electrical resistivity. KSCE Journal of Civil Engineering 24(7):2224–2231, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12205-020-1315-4
Hu XW, Li QF, Zhao ZS, Kong DF (1994) Mechanical properties of fissured clay. Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering 16(4):81–88 (in Chinese)
Hu QT, Song MY, Li QG, Wu YQ, Xu YC, Zhang YB, Deng YZ (2021) Analysis of resistivity response of stratified briquette during uniaxial compression. Journal of China Coal Society 46(01):211–219, DOI: https://doi.org/10.13225/j.cnki.jccs.2020.1870
Hu B, Sun H (2013) Shear strength characteristic of fissure plane in expansive soil. IACGE 2013: Challenges and Recent Advances in Geotechnical and Seismic Research and Practices 2013:324–333, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1061/9780784413128.039
Karunarathne A, Fardipour M, Gad EF, Rajeev P, Disfani MM, Sivanerupan S, Wilson JL (2018) Modelling of climate induced moisture variations and subsequent ground movements in expansive soils. Geotechnical and Geological Engineering 36(4):2455–2477, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10706-018-0476-0
Kong DF (1994) Fissured clay. Geological Press: Beijing, China
Lemaitre J (1985) A continuous damage mechanics model for ductile fracture. Journal of Engineering Materials and Technology 107(1):83–89, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1115/1.3225775
Li XC, An ZX, Zhang Q, Chen XL, Ye XW, Jia SY (2020) Analysis of resistivity anisotropy of loaded coal samples. Advances in Materials Science and Engineering 2020:1–13, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/9016583
Li GY, Gu K, Wang X, Shi B (2022) An experimental study of the unconfined compressive strength characteristics of the expansive soil with cracks. Hydrogeology & Engineering Geology 49(4):62–70, DOI: https://doi.org/10.16030/j.cnki.issn.1000-3665.202111033 (in Chinese)
Li XM, Kong LW, Guo AG (2019) Experimental study on shear mechanical properties of unloading damaged undisturbed expansive soil. Rock and Soil Mechanics 40(12):4685–4692+4702, DOI: https://doi.org/10.16285/j.rsm.2018.1919 (in Chinese)
Liu MD, Carter JP (2002) A structured cam clay model. Canadian Geotechnical Journal 39(6):1313–1332, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1139/t02-069
Liu BH, Kong LW, Li CC, Wang JT (2022) Evolution of shear band in plane strain compression of naturally structured clay with a high sensitivity. Applied Sciences 12(3):1180, DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/app12031180
Liu DQ, Li YY, Yi WS, Ren GZ (2018) Multiscale computation method for stiffness of expansive soil with large span of primary fissure. Journal of Changsha University of Science and Technology (Natural Science) 15(01):14–22, DOI: https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1672-9331.2018.01.004 (in Chinese)
Lu DJ (2013) Geo-engineering property and slide mechanism of highly expansive soil of Nanyang on mid-route of South-North Water Transfer Project. MSc Thesis, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China (in Chinese)
Song MY, Li QG, Hu QT, Wu YQ, Ni GH, Xu YC, Zhang YB, Hu LP, Shi JL, Deng YZ (2022) Resistivity response of coal under hydraulic fracturing with different injection rates: A laboratory study. International Journal of Mining Science and Technology 32(4):807–819, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijmst.2022.06.004
Sun P, Peng JB, Chen LW, Lu QZ, Igwe O (2016) An experimental study of the mechanical characteristics of fractured loess in western china. Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment 2016(75):1639–1647, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10064-015-0793-y
Sun Q, Zhu SY, Xue L (2015) Electrical resistivity variation in uniaxial rock compression. Arabian Journal of Geosciences 8(4):1869–1880, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12517-014-1381-3
Skempton AW, Schuster RL, Petley DJ (1970) Joints and fissures in the London clay at wraysbury and edgware. Géotechnique 19(2):205–217, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1680/geot.1969.19.2.205
Thakur V, Nordal S, Viggiani G, Charrier P (2018) Shear bands in undrained plane strain compression of norwegian quick clays. Canadian Geotechnical Journal 55(1):45–56, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1139/cgj-2016-0443
Tudisco E, Vitone C, Mondello C, Viggiani G, Athanasopoulos S, Hall SA, Cotecchia F (2022) Localised strain in fissured clays: The combined effect of fissure orientation and confining pressure. Acta Geotechnica 17(5):1585–1603, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11440-021-01329-z
Wang MY, Li DQ, Tang XS, Liu Y (2022) Modeling irregularly inclined fissure surfaces within nonuniform expansive soil slopes. International Journal of Geomechanics 22(8):04022124, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)GM.1943-5622.0002474
Wang YH, Liu YF, Ma HT (2012) Changing regularity of rock damage variable and resistivity under loading condition. Safety Science 50(4):718–722, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssci.2011.08.046
Wang K, Xia Z, Li X (2021) Matrix suction evaluation of soil-rock mixture based on electrical resistivity. Water 13(20):2937, DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/w13202937
Wu GY, Wang K, Zhao MJ, Nie ZC, Huang Z (2019) Analysis of damage evolution of sandstone under uniaxial loading and unloading conditions based on resistivity characteristics. Advances in Civil Engineering 2019:1–12, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1155/2019/9286819
Xie T, Ye Q, Lu J (2020) Electrical resistivity of three-phase cracked rock-soil medium and its anisotropic changes caused by crack changes. Geomatics Natural Hazards & Risk 11(1):1599–1618, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/19475705.2020.1801527
Yao TP, Hou W, Zhou AN (2009) UH model: Three-dimensional unified hardening model for over consolidated clays. Géotechnique 59(5):451–469, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1680/geot.2007.00029
Zhao L (2012) Study on fissure characteristics and its impact on slope stability of expansive soil. PhD Thesis, Yangtze River Scientific Research Institute, Wuhan, China
Zeng ZT, Lu HB, Zhao YL (2012) Wetting-drying effect of expansive soils and its influence on slope stability. In Proceed-ings of the 2nd International Conference on Civil Engineering, Yantai, China, DOI: https://doi.org/10.4028/u]www.scientific.net/AMM.170-173.889
Zhao X, Yang YH, Zhu YJ, Zhang LP, Ma B (2014) Analysis of impact of crack surface on shear strength of strong expansive soil. Rock and Soil Mechanics 35(1):130–133, DOI: https://doi.org/10.16285/j.rsm.2014.01.040 (in Chinese)
Zhou Z, Yang H, Zhao WH, Liu BC (2016) Computational model for electrical resistivity of soil–rock mixtures. Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering 28(8):06016009. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)MT.1943-5533.0001559
Acknowledgments
This study was supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (Grant No. 2019YFC1509901).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Gao, Z., Kong, L., Zhou, Z. et al. Failure Evolution Characteristics and Resistivity Damage Model of Expansive Clay with Filled Fissures under Uniaxial Compression. KSCE J Civ Eng 27, 3255–3269 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12205-023-0134-9
Received:
Revised:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12205-023-0134-9