Abstract
There is a wide distribution of weakly cemented argillaceous rock masses in areas where there are many coal mines, and their complex characteristics make them more difficult to support. This paper researches this type of rock and studies the slurry diffusion mechanism and grouting reinforcement characteristics of injected rock mass and their relationship with compaction and splitting grouting. The grouting mode is dominated by compaction and splitting. The rheological behavior of cement slurries with different concentrations used in split grouting was studied. The existing grouting equipment was improved, and grouting tests were performed on loose aggregates of weakly cemented primary rock in a certain size range. Subsequently, basic physical parameter determination tests, microscopic tests, and uniaxial tests were performed on grout, and the effects of grouting pressure, moisture content of standard samples, slurry water/cement ratio, and curing time on grouting reinforcement were analyzed. During the grouting process, the pattern of plasma pulse diffusion and reinforcement was summarized as three types: compaction, splitting, and microcracking. The failure modes of rock were summarized as shear failure, shear failure along the interface of the plasma, and splitting damage.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Andersson HI, Bech KH, Dandapat BS (1992) Magnetohydrodynamic flow of a power-law fluid over a stretching sheet. International Journal of Non-Linear Mechanics 27(6):929–936, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/0020-7462(92)90045-9
Areias P, Rabczuk T (2017) Steiner-point free edge cutting of tetrahedral meshes with applications in fracture. Finite Elements in Analysis and Design 132:27–41, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.finel.2017.05.001
Areias P, Rabczuk T, Dias-da-Costa D (2013) Element-wise fracture algorithm based on rotation of edges. Engineering Fracture Mechanics 110:113–137, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engfracmech.2013.06.006
Bagde MN, Petroš V (2004) The effect of machine behaviour and mechanical properties of intact sandstone under static and dynamic uniaxial cyclic loading. Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering 38(1):59–67, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00603-004-0038-z
Cao DY, Lin ZY, Zheng ZH, Tan JQ (2011) Coalfield structures and potential evaluation of coal resources in China. Advanced Materials Research 356–360:2937–2940, DOI: https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/AMR.356-360.2937
Chen K, Guo Z, Zhu C (2020) A study on the mechanical behavior and statistical damage constitutive model of mudstone under low confining pressure. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 455, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/455/1/012062
Chong WL, Haque A, Gamage RP, Shahinuzzaman A (2011) Modelling of intact and jointed mudstone samples under uniaxial and triaxial compression. Arabian Journal of Geosciences 6(5):1639–1646, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12517-011-0463-8
Cornet F, Morin R (1997) Evaluation of hydromechanical coupling in a granite rock mass from a high-volume high-pressure injection experiment: Le Mayet de Montagne, France. International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences & Geomechanics Abstracts 34(3–4):427–427, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/s1365-1609(97)00214-1
Doan DV (2018) Control technology for soft rock roadway in inclined coal seam: A case study in Nui Beo mine, Quang Ninh, Vietnam. International Journal of GEOMATE 14(43)
El Tani M (2012) Grouting rock fractures with cement grout. Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering 45(4):547–561, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00603-012-0235-0
El-Kelesh AM, Mossaad ME, Basha IM (2001) Model of Compaction grouting. Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering 127(11):955–964, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1061/(asce)1090-0241(2001)127:11(955)
Fan G, Chen M, Zhang D, Wang Z, Zhang S, Zhang C, Li Q, Cao B (2018) Experimental study on the permeability of weakly cemented rock under different stress states in triaxial compression tests. Geofluids 2018:1–9, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1155/2018/9035654
Fattah MY, Al-Ani MM, Al-Lamy MTA (2014) Wetting and drying collapse behaviour of collapsible gypseous soils treated by grouting. Arabian Journal of Geosciences 8(4):2035–2049, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12517-014-1329-7
Hamdia KM, Silani M, Zhuang X, He P, Rabczuk T (2017) Stochastic analysis of the fracture toughness of polymeric nanoparticle composites using polynomial chaos expansions. International Journal of Fracture 206(2):215–227, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10704-017-0210-6
He M-C, Fang Z-J, Zhang P (2011) Theoretical studies on the extrinsic defects of montmorillonite in soft rock. Modern Physics Letters B 23(25):2933–2941, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1142/s0217984909021028
Janas P (1991) Dimensioning of roadway supports in conditions of the Ostrava-Karvina coal field. International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences & Geomechanics Abstracts 28(6), DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/0148-9062(91)91471-3
Jiang PF (2014) Simulation analysis of the soft rock inclined shaft surrounding rock control with different bolt support patterns. Advanced Materials Research 988:377–382, DOI: https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/AMR.988.377
Jiang J, Xu J (2018) Investigation of energy mechanism and acoustic emission characteristics of mudstone with different moisture contents. Shock and Vibration 2018:1–11, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1155/2018/2129639
Lakusic S (2017) Testing the shear strength of soft rock at different stages of laboratory simulated weathering. Journal of the Croatian Association of Civil Engineers 68(12):955–965, DOI: https://doi.org/10.14256/jce.1878.2016
Meng L, Han L, Meng Q, Liu K, Tian M, Zhu H (2020) Study on characteristic and energy of argillaceous weakly cemented rock under dynamic loading by hopkinson bar experiment. Energies 13(12), DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/en13123215
Meng L, Han L, Zhu H, Dong W, Li W (2021) Study on the influence of formation temperature on the water absorption and weathering of swelling rock in marine coal mines. KSCE Journal of Civil Engineering 25(11):4207–4220, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12205-021-5375-x
Mohammed MH, Pusch R, Knutsson S (2015) Study of cement-grout penetration into fractures under static and oscillatory conditions. Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology 45:10–19, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tust.2014.08.003
Nguyen VH, Gland N, Dautriat J, David C, Wassermann J, Guélard J (2014) Compaction, permeability evolution and stress path effects in unconsolidated sand and weakly consolidated sandstone. International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences 67:226–239, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijrmms.2013.07.001
Park S-S (2010) Effect of wetting on unconfined compressive strength of cemented sands. Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering 136(12):1713–1720, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1061/(asce)gt.1943-5606.0000399
Park D, Oh J (2018) Permeation grouting for remediation of dam cores. Engineering Geology 233:63–75, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enggeo.2017.12.011
Rabczuk T, Belytschko T (2004) Cracking particles: A simplified meshfree method for arbitrary evolving cracks. International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 61(13):2316–2343, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/nme.1151
Rabczuk T, Belytschko T (2007) A three-dimensional large deformation meshfree method for arbitrary evolving cracks. Computer Methods in Applied Mechanics and Engineering 196(29–30):2777–2799, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cma.2006.06.020
Schwartz B, Huffman K, Thornton D, Elsworth D (2019) The effects of mineral distribution, pore geometry, and pore density on permeability evolution in gas shales. Fuel 257, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2019.116005
Van Itterbeeck J, Horne DJ, Bultynck P, Vandenberghe N (2005) Stratigraphy and palaeoenvironment of the dinosaur-bearing Upper Cretaceous Iren Dabasu Formation, Inner Mongolia, People’s Republic of China. Cretaceous Research 26(4):699–725, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cretres.2005.03.004
Vaniman DT, Bish DL, Ming DW, et al. (2014) Mineralogy of a mudstone at Yellowknife Bay, Gale crater, Mars. Science 343(6169):1243480, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1243480
Wang S, Han L, Meng Q, Jin Y, Zhao W (2019) Investigation of pore structure and water imbibition behavior of weakly cemented silty mudstone. Advances in Civil Engineering 2019:1–13, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1155/2019/8360924
Wang H, Jiang Y Xue S, Shen B, Wang C, Lv J, Yang T (2015) Assessment of excavation damaged zone around roadways under dynamic pressure induced by an active mining process. International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences 77:265–277, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijrmms.2015.03.032
Weichhold J, Gbureck U, Goetz-Neunhoeffer F, Hurle K (2019) Setting mechanism of a CDHA forming α-TCP cement modified with sodium phytate for improved injectability. Materials (Basel) 12(13), DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/ma12132098
Widmann R (1996) International society for rock mechanics commission on rock grouting. International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences & Geomechanics Abstracts 33(8):803–847, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/s0148-9062(96)00015-0
Wisser C, Augarde CE, Burd HJ (2005) Numerical modelling of compensation grouting above shallow tunnels. International Journal for Numerical and Analytical Methods in Geomechanics 29(5):443–471, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/nag.421
Yang X, Cai W, Liang Y, Holm S (2020) A novel representation of time-varying viscosity with power-law and comparative study. International Journal of Non-Linear Mechanics 119, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijnonlinmec.2019.103372
Zhang W, Li S, Wei J, Zhang Q, Liu R, Zhang X, Yin H (2017) Grouting rock fractures with cement and sodium silicate grout. Carbonates and Evaporites 33(2):211–222, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13146-016-0332-3
Zhou S, Rabczuk T, Zhuang X (2018a) Phase field modeling of quasi-static and dynamic crack propagation: COMSOL implementation and case studies. Advances in Engineering Software 122:31–49, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.advengsoft.2018.03.012
Zhou S, Zhuang X, Zhu H, Rabczuk T (2018b) Phase field modelling of crack propagation, branching and coalescence in rocks. Theoretical and Applied Fracture Mechanics 96:174–192, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tafmec.2018.04.011
Zhu C, Wang Y, Chen M, Chen Z, Wang H (2011) Mechanics model and numerical analysis of floor heave in soft rock roadway. Journal of Coal Science and Engineering (China) 17(4):372–376, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12404-011-0402-z
Zou L, Håkansson U, Cvetkovic V (2020) Yield-power-law fluid propagation in water-saturated fracture networks with application to rock grouting. Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology 95, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tust.2019.103170
Acknowledgments
This study was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) (Grant No. 51574223, No.51704280). The first author is grateful to all the co-authors for providing innovative ideas, the State Key Laboratory for Geomechanics and Deep Underground Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology, for providing instruments to conduct the research, and Wujianfang Coal Mine, subordinated by China Resources Power Group Co., Ltd., for providing geological data and rock cores.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Meng, L., Han, L., Zhu, H. et al. Study of the Effects of Compaction and Split Grouting on the Structural Strengthening Characteristics of Weakly Cemented Argillaceous Rock Masses. KSCE J Civ Eng 26, 1754–1772 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12205-022-1534-y
Received:
Revised:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12205-022-1534-y