Abstract
This paper presents an investigation on strong-acid relations between corrosion rate and corrosion time in 30 studs, dipped into 36% industrial hydrochloric acid through 0.5 h, 1 h, 2 h, 4 h, 8 h, 12 h, 24 h, 48 h, and 72 h, respectively. These corroded studs are performed tensile tests to study failure mode and stress-strain curves in studs with different corrosion time. Thereafter, a 3-D finite element is established through computer program to validate test results, and then analyze mechanical properties along with failure mode of studs exposed to strong-acid corrosion. The analysis results show that the failure mode gradually changes from ductile-damage state to brittle-damage state. The corrosion rates present a non-linear elevation with an increase of strong-acid-corrosion time. The nominal yield strength, the nominal ultimate strength, and the elongation in the corroded studs exhibit a fast-downward trend when increasing corrosion time. However, the degradation of elastic modulus turn into a slow step and the yield strength ratio in studs tends to be steady. The J-C model (Johnson-Cook Constitutive) with updated coefficients can be applied to reflect the constitutive relations in studs after strong-acid corrosion under quasi-static tension conditions. Further, this model can simulate stress flows within studs after strong-acid corrosion. This research results can provide a guide for long-lifetime construction and safe maintenance in steel structural bridge.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Abdulhameed AA, Hanoon AN, Abdulhameed HA, Banyhussan QS, Mansi AS (2021) Push-out test of steel-concrete-steel composite sections with various core materials: Behavioural study. Archives of Civil and Mechanical Engineering 21(17):1–21, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s43452-021-00173-y
Angst UM (2018) Challenges and opportunities in corrosion of steel in concrete. Materials and Structures 51(4):1–50, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1617/s11527-017-1131-6
Chen XZ, Peng Y, Peng S, Yao S, Chen C (2017) Flow and fracture behavior of aluminum alloy 6082-T6 at different tensile strain rates and triaxialities. Plos One 12(7):1–28, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0181983
Chen J, Zhang HP, Yu QQ (2019) Static and fatigue behavior of steel-concrete composite beams with corroded studs. Journal of Constructional Steel Research 156:18–27, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcsr.2019.01.019
Chen J, Zhao YX, Wu L, Jin WL (2016) Experimental investigation and design of corroded stud shear connectors. Advances in Structural Engineering 19(2):218–226, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/1369433215624327
Ding JZ, Li Y, Xing WL, Ren PQ, Kong QZ, Yuan C (2021) Mechanical properties and engineering application of single-span steel-concrete double-sided composite beams. Journal of Building Engineering 40:102644, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jobe.2021.102644
Fang HY, Yang KJ, Du XM, Li B, Zhang XJ (2020) Experimental study on the mechanical properties of corroded concrete pipes subjected to diametral compression. Construction and Building Materials 261: 120576, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2020.120576
GB 228.1-2010 (2010) Metallic materials-tensile testing-part 1: Method of test at room temperature. GB 228.1-2010, Standardization Administration of the People’s Republic of China, Beijing, China (in Chinese)
Hanoon AN, Abdulhameed AA, Kharnoob MM, Abdulhameed HA (2020) Push-Out test of steel-concrete-steel composite section for pre-installation and post-installation techniques of shear connectors. Key Engineering Materials 1662–9795(862):12–16, DOI: https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/KEM.862.12
Kuang YC, Wang K, He YH, Zhao H, Xiang P (2020) Fatigue behavior of corroded stud based on crack growth theory. Structures & Buildings (5):1–1, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1680/jstbu.20.00135
Lam D, El-Lobody E (2001) Finite element modelling of headed stud shear connectors in steel-concrete composite beam. Structural Engineering Mechanics & Computation 1:401–408, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-008043948-8/50041-2
Li H, Xu SH, Zhang ZX, Song CM (2020a) Experimental and numerical investigation on the corrosion effects on the bonding behavior between CFRP and steel. Composite Structures 259(7):113465, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compstruct.2020.113465
Li R Zhan M, Zheng ZB, Zhang HR, Cui XL, Lv W (2020b) A constitutive model coupling damage and material anisotropy for wide stress triaxiality. Chinese Journal of Aeronautics 33(12):3509–3525, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cja.2020.09.018
Lin YC, Chen XM, Liu G (2010) A modified Johnson-Cook model for tensile behaviors of typical high-strength alloy steel. Materials Science & Engineering A 527(26):6980–6986, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.msea.2010.07.061
Lou T, Karavasilis TL (2019) Numerical assessment of the nonlinear behavior of continuous prestressed steel-concrete composite beams. Engineering Structures 190:116–127, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2019.04.031
Nguyen HT, Kim SE (2009) Finite element modeling of push-out tests for large stud shear connectors. Journal of Constructional Steel Research 65(10):1909–1920, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcsr.2009.06.010
Petrík A, Roch R (2019) Usage of true stress-strain curve for FE simulation and the influencing parameters. IOP Conference Series Materials Science and Engineering 566:012025, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899X/566/1/012025
Qiao WJ, Zhu HY, Zhang G, Yang F, Zhang H (2021) Mechanical properties and failure mechanism of steel plate composite beams under strong corrosion. Journal of Chang’an University(Natural Science Edition) 41(2):46–54, DOI: https://doi.org/10.19721/j.cnki.1671-8879.2021.02.005
Ren SB, Gu Y, Kong C, Gu S, Xu SH, Yang LQ (2021) Effects of the corrosion pitting parameters on the mechanical properties of corroded steel. Construction and Building Materials 272:121941, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2020.121941
Saad-Eldeen S, Garbatov Y, Soares CG (2013) Effect of corrosion severity on the ultimate strength of a steel box girder. Engineering Structures 49:560–571, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2012.11.017
Shi WH (2013) Mechanical behavior and reliability of steel-concrete composite beams considering durability. PhD Thesis, Central South University, Changsha, China (in Chinese)
Wang ZP, Hu ZQ, Liu K, Chen G (2020) Application of a material model based on the Johnson-Cook and Gurson-Tvergaard-Needleman model in ship collision and grounding simulations. Ocean Engineering 205:106768, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.oceaneng.2019.106768
Woloszyk K, Garbatov Y (2020) Random field modelling of mechanical behaviour of corroded thin steel plate specimens. Engineering Structures 212:110544, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2020.110544
Xu XQ, Liu YQ (2019) Analytical prediction of the deformation behavior of headed studs in monotonic push-out tests. Advances in Structural Engineering 22(7):1711–1726, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/1369433218821750
Xue W, Chen J, Zhu JH (2017) Behaviour of corroded single stud shear connectors. Materials 10(3):276, DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/ma10030276
Yang L (2017) Long-term mechanical properties of steel-concrete connector subjected to corrosion and load coupling. PhD Thesis, Hunan University, Changsha, China (in Chinese)
Yu ZW, Shi WH, Kuang YC (2014) Experimental study on mechanical properties of corroded stud. Journal of Central South University (Science and Technology) 45(1):249–255
Zhang G, Kodur VKR, Song CJ, He SH, Huang Q (2020) A numerical method for evaluating fire resistance of composite box bridge girders. Journal of Constructional Steel Research 150:56–67, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcsr.2019.105823
Zhang XG, Li MH, Tang LP, Memon SA, Ma GJ, Xing F (2017) Corrosion induced stress field and cracking time of reinforced concrete with initial defects: Analytical modeling and experimental investigation. Corrosion Science 120:158–170, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.corsci.2017.01.012
Zhang DN, Shangguan QQ, Xie CJ, Liu F (2015) A modified Johnson-Cook model of dynamic tensile behaviors for 7075-T6 aluminum alloy. Journal of Alloys & Compounds 619:186–194, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2014.09.002
Zhang ZX, Xu SH, Wang H, Nie B, Su C (2021) Flexural buckling behavior of corroded hot-rolled H-section steel beams. Engineering Structures 229:111614, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2020.111614
Zhu HY, Qiao WJ, Yang F, Zhang H (2022) Research on degradation mechanism and finite element analysis of steel plate composite beam stud under strong corrosion. Highway 67(1):109–117
Acknowledgments
This work was supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Shaanxi Province (Grant No. 2021JM-434, 2021JQ-648), Shaanxi Science Foundation for Distinguished Young Scholars (Grant No. 2022JC-23), Shaanxi Communication Science and Technology Project (Grant No. 20-45K).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Qiao, W., Zhang, H., Zhang, G. et al. Tensile-Mechanical Degradation-Properties and J-C Constitutive Model of Studs after Strong-Acid Corrosion. KSCE J Civ Eng 26, 3954–3967 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12205-022-1438-x
Received:
Revised:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12205-022-1438-x