Abstract
The production of cheese generates copious wastewater with very high organic load, which requires a series of treatments prior to discharge. In this study, protein was ultrasonically treated and then recovered from cheese wastewater using isoelectric precipitation. After initial ultrasonic treatment with an ultrasonic energy of 1,800 kJ/L, the protein could be effectively precipitated at pH = 4.5, and about (67.7 ± 0.5) % of the protein was separated out. Because the chemical oxygen demand (COD) load remained high, the supernatant was treated by flocculation and coagulation. Treatment using polyferric sulfate (PFS) coagulation of 200 mg/L and nonionic polyacrylamide (PAM) flocculation of 4 mg/L reduced the turbidity by (98.6 ± 0.4)%, and COD by (89.2 ± 0.9)%.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Álvarez C, Lélu P, Lynch SA, Tiwari BK (2018) Optimized protein recovery from mackerel whole fish by using sequential acid/alkaline isoelectric solubilization precipitation (ISP) extraction assisted by ultrasound. LWT 88:210–216, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lwt.2017.09.045
APHA (2007) Standard method for the examination of water and wastewater, 21st edtion. American Public Health Association, Washington DC, USA
Baskan MB, Pala A (2009) Determination of arsenic removal efficiency by ferric ions using response surface methodology. Journal of Hazardous Materials 166(2–3):796–801, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2008.11.131
Bennani CF, Ousji B, Ennigrou DJ (2015) Reclamation of dairy wastewater using ultrafiltration process. Desalination and Water Treatment 55(2):297–303, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/19443994.2014.913996
Bradford MM (1976) A rapid and sensitive method for the quantitation of microgram quantities of protein utilizing the principle of proteindye binding. Analytical Biochemistry 72(1–2):248–254, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/0003-2697(76)90527-3
Carvalho F, Prazeres AR, Rivas J (2013) Cheese whey wastewater: Characterization and treatment. Science of the Total Environment 445–446:385–396, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2012.12.038
Çinar Ö, Hasar H, Kinaci C (2006) Modeling of submerged membrane bioreactor treating cheese whey wastewater by artificial neural network. Journal of Biotechnology 123(2):204–209, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbiotec.2005.11.002
Ergüder TH, Tezel U, Güven E, Demirer GN (2001) Anaerobic biotransformation and methane generation potential of cheese whey in batch and UASB reactors. Waste Management 21(7):643–650, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0956-053X(00)00114-8
Fang HHP (1991) Treatment of wastewater from a whey processing plant using activated sludge and anaerobic processes. Journal of Dairy Science 74(6):2015–2019, DOI: https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(91)78371-9
Gerard WH, Marco VE, Luuk AM, Witkamp GJ (1999) Isoelectric precipitation of casein using high-pressure CO2. Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research 38(12):4919–4927, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1021/ie990136+
Gutiérrez JLR, Encina PAG, Fdz-Polanco F (1991) Anaerobic treatment of cheese-production wastewater using a UASB reactor. Bioresource Technology 37(3):271–276, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/0960-8524(91)90194-O
Hamdani A, Mountadar M, Assobhei O (2005) Comparative study of the efficacy of three coagulants in treating dairy factory waste water. International Journal of Dairy Technology 58(2):83–88, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-0307.2005.00198.x
Kurup GG, Adhikari B, Zisu B (2019) Treatment performance and recovery of organic components from high pH dairy wastewater using low-cost inorganic ferric chloride precipitant. Journal of Water Process Engineering 32, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jwpe.2019.100908
Lakra R, Choudhury S, Basu S (2021) Recovery of protein and carbohydrate from dairy wastewater using ultrafiltration and forward osmosis processes. Materialstoday: Proceedings 47:1400–1403, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2021.02.702
Liang Z, Wang Y (2010) Pretreatment of diosgenin wastewater using polyferric sulfate and cationic polyacrylamide. Journal of Earth Science 21(3):340–346, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12583-010-0097-x
Luo J, Ding L, Qi B, Jaffrin MY, Wan Y (2001) A two-stage ultrafillration and nanofiltration process for recycling dairy wastewater. Bioresource Technology 102(16):7437–7442, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2011.05.012
Prazeres AR, Luz S, Fernandes F, Jerónimo E (2020) Cheese wastewater treatment by acid and basic precipitation: Application of H2SO4, HNO3, HCl, Ca(OH)2 and NaOH. Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering 17(2), DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jece.2019.103556
Rastogi NK (2011) Opportunities and challenges in application of ultrasound in food processing. Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition 51(8):705–722, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/10408391003770583
Rivas J, Prazeres AR, Carvalho F, Beltrán F (2010) Treatment of cheese whey wastewater: Combined coagulation-flocculation and aerobic biodegradation. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 58(13): 7871–7877, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1021/jf100602j
Soria AC, Villamiel M (2010) Effect of ultrasound on the technological properties and bioactivity of food: A review. Trends in Food Science & Technology 21:323–331, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tifs.2010.04.003
Tang W, Zhai Y, Wang L, Zhou S (1997) A study on coagulate mechanism of poly aluminum chloride. Journal of Nanjing University of Science and Technology 21:325–328
Vlyssides AG, Tsimas ES, Barampouti EMP, Mai ST (2012) Anaerobic digestion of cheese dairy wastewater following chemical oxidation. Biosystems Engineering 113(3):253–258, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biosystemseng.2012.09.001
Wang Y, Serventi L (2019) Sustainability of dairy and soy processing: A review on wastewater recycling. Journal of Cleaner Production 237, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2019.117821
Wei Y, Lu J, Dong X, Hao J, Yao C (2017) Coagulation performance of a novel poly-ferric-acetate (PFC) coagulant in phosphate-kaolin synthetic water treatment. Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering 34:2641–2647, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11814-017-0193-z
Wen WP (2001) Hydrolysis characteristic of polyferric sulfate coagulant and its optimal condition of preparation. Colloids & Surfaces A Physicochemical & Engineering Aspects 182(1–3):57–63, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0927-7757(00)00602-6
Yang P, Shang B, Wen F, Zhao H, Tao X, Dong H, Lu Y (2018) Influences of flocculation on wastewater with high concentration pollutants from dairy cattle farm. Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology 20(5):132–139
Zisu B, Bhaskaracharya R, Kentish S, Ashokkumarb M (2013) Application of ultrasound to reduce viscosity and control the rate of age thickening of concentrated skim milk. International Dairy Journal 31(1):41–43, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.idairyj.2012.04.007
Acknowledgments
This work was supported by the 2019 Research Fund of the University of Seoul.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Sheng, J., Han, I. & Ying, X. Recovery of Protein from High-Concentration Cheese Wastewater and Subsequent Coagulation—Flocculation Treatment. KSCE J Civ Eng 26, 1553–1559 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12205-022-1341-5
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12205-022-1341-5