Abstract
It is important to account for the poor ecological environment of weak seasonal permafrost regions while developing a suitable ground improvement technique. As an organic non-polluting material, glutinous rice slurry improves the unconfined compressive strength of the soil through induction and synergy with lime. The Qinghai-Tibet Plateau has cold weather, large temperature differences between day and night, and a fragile ecological environment. Once damaged, it is extremely difficult to recover. This study investigates the effects of glutinous rice slurry on the unconfined compressive strength (UCS), failure mode, and microstructure of lime-treated seasonally frozen soil subjected to freeze-thaw cycles. Organic glutinous rice slurry with concentrations of 0, 2, 4, 6, and 8% was added to soil specimens that were treated with 10% lime and subjected to 0, 1, 3, 6, and 10 freeze-thaw cycles. In tests, the addition of glutinous rice pulp could increase the UCS of the soil by up to 40%. The first freeze-thaw cycle has the greatest impact on the UCS of the soil sample, with a decrease of 6–15%. Glutinous rice slurry can reduce the degradation effects of freeze-thaw cycles by increasing the contact area between soil particles. In a comprehensive evaluation under test conditions, a glutinous rice slurry concentration of 4% led to optimal results. It revealed the change characteristics of the microstructure under the action of freeze-thaw cycles, which has a good corresponding relationship with the macroscopic mechanical properties. The results can provide reference value for the application of glutinous rice slurry in the modification of subgrade soil in seasonal permafrost areas.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Aldaood A, Bouasker M, Al-Mukhtar M (2014) Impact of freeze-thaw cycles on mechanical behaviour of lime stabilized gypseous soils. Cold Regions Science and Technology 99:38–45, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.coldregions.2013.12.003
Ateş A (2016) Mechanical properties of sandy soils reinforced with cement and randomly distributed glass fibers (GRC). Composites Part B: Engineering 96:295–304, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compositesb.2016.04.049
Baldovino JA, Moreira EB, Teixeira W, Izzo RLS, Rose JL (2018) Effects of lime addition on geotechnical properties of sedimentary soil in Curitiba, Brazil. Journal of Rock Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering 10(1):188–194, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jrmge.2017.10.001
Baumann F, Schmidt K, Dörfer C, He JS, Scholten T, Kühn P (2014) Pedogenesis, permafrost, substrate and topography: Plot and landscape scale interrelations of weathering processes on the central-eastern Tibetan Plateau. Geoderma 226–227(1):300–316, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoderma.2014.02.019
Bengt BB, Tang N (1986) Slope stabilization and deep excavation with lime and cement soil columns. Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering 6:18–25 (in Chinese)
Cameron EA, Lantz TC (2017) Persistent changes to ecosystems following winter road construction and abandonment in an area of discontinuous permafrost, Nahanni National Park Reserve, Northwest Territories, Canada. Arctic Antarctic and Alpine Research 49(2):259–276, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1657/AAAR0016-012
Fan M, Pei X, Du J, Xiao W, Zhou L (2020) Experimental study on basic physical and mechanical properties and microstructure of modified glutinous rice mortar. Bulletin of the Chinese Ceramic Society 284(5):212–218, DOI: https://doi.org/10.16552/j.cnki.issn1001-1625.2020.05.029 (in Chinese)
GB/T 50123-2019 (2019) Standard for geotechnical test methods. GB/T 50123-2019, China Planning Press, Beijing, China
Ghazavi M, Roustaie M (2010) The influence of freeze-thaw cycles on the unconfined compressive strength of fiber-reinforced clay. Cold Regions Science and Technology 61(2–3):125–131, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.coldregions.2009.12.005
Guo D, Wang H (2013) Simulation of permafrost and seasonally frozen ground conditions on the Tibetan Plateau, 1981–2010. Journal of Geophysical Research-Atmospheres 118(11):5216–5230, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/jgrd.50457
Han C, Cheng P (2015) Micropore variation and particle fractal representation of lime-stabilised subgrade soil under freeze-thaw cycles. Road Materials and Pavement Design 16(1):19–30, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/14680629.2014.956139
Hotineanu A, Bouasker M, Aldaood A, Al-Mukhtar M (2015) Effect of freeze-thaw cycling on the mechanical properties of lime-stabilized expansive clays. Cold Regions Science and Technology 119:151–157, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.coldregions.2015.08.008
Hu W, Cheng WC, Wen S, Mizanur Rahman M (2021) Effects of chemical contamination on microscale structural characteristics of intact loess and resultant macroscale mechanical properties. Catena 203:105361, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.catena.2021.105361
Ji X, Song M, Pang M (2013) Experimental study on physical and mechanical properties of sticky rice-lime mortar. Architecture Technology 6:59–62 (in Chinese)
Lee ML, Ng WS, Tanaka Y (2013) Stress-deformation and compressibility responses of bio-mediated residual soils. Ecological Engineering 60:142–149, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoleng.2013.07.034
Li Z, Fang S, Wei G, Zhang B (2013) Influence of inorganic admixture on performance of sticky rice-lime mortar and its mechanism. Journal of Building Materials 16(3):462–468 (in Chinese)
Li J, Wang F, Yi F, Wu F, Liu J, Lin Z (2019) Effect of freeze-thaw cycles on triaxial strength property damage to cement improved aeolian sand (CIAS). Materials 12(7), DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/ma12172801
Ling XZ, Wang LN, Zhang F, Chen SJ, Zhu ZY (2010) Field experiment on train-induced embankment vibration responses in seasonally-frozen regions of Daqing, China. Journal of Zhejiang University-Science A 11(8):596–605, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1631/jzus.A0900657
Liu C, Lv Y, Yu X, Wu X (2020) Effects of freeze-thaw cycles on the unconfined compressive strength of straw fiber-reinforced soil. Geotextiles And Geomembranes 48(4):581–590, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geotexmem.2020.03.004
Liu Y, Wang Q, Liu S, Sh Y, Fu H, Ma B, Chen H, Yuan X (2019) Experimental investigation of the geotechnical properties and microstructure of lime-stabilized saline soils under freeze-thaw cycling. Cold Regions Science and Technology 161:32–42, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.coldregions.2019.03.003
Liu J, Wang T, Tian Y (2010) Experimental study of the dynamic properties of cement- and lime-modified clay soils subjected to freeze-thaw cycles. Cold Regions Science and Technology 61(1):29–33, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.coldregions.2010.01.002
Lu Y, Liu S, Zhang Y, Li Z, Xu L (2020) Freeze-thaw performance of a cement-treated expansive soil. Cold Regions Science and Technology 170:102926, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.coldregions.2019.102926
Miao Q, Niu F, Lin Z, Luo J, Liu M (2020) Comparing frost heave characteristics in cut and embankment sections along a high-speed railway in seasonally frozen ground of Northeast China. Cold Regions Science and Technology 170:102921, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.coldregions.2019.102921
Nguyen TTH, Cui YJ, Ferber V, Herrier G, Ozturk T, Plier F, Puiatti D, Salager S, Tang AM (2019) Effect of freeze-thaw cycles on mechanical strength of lime-treated fine-grained soils. Transportation Geotechnics 21:100281, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trgeo.2019.100281
Shen X, Liu P (2006) Type, value and heritage management model of diao tower in Kai Ping. Journal of Wuling 4:101–105 (in Chinese)
Skvortsova EB, Shein EV, Abrosimov KN, Romanenko KA, Yudina AV, Klyueva VV, Khaidapova DD, Rogov VV (2018) The impact of multiple freeze-thaw cycles on the microstructure of aggregates from a soddy-podzolic soil: A microtomographic analysis. Eurasian Soil Science 51(2):190–198, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1134/S1064229318020102
Soleimani Kutanaei S, Janalizadeh Choobbasti A (2017) Effects of nanosilica particles and randomly distributed fibers on the ultrasonic pulse velocity and mechanical properties of cemented sand. Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering 29(3):04016230, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1061/(asce)mt.1943-5533.0001761
Station WE (1953) The unified soil classification system Technical Report Archive & Image Library
Tang YQ, Yan JJ (2015) Effect of freeze-thaw on hydraulic conductivity and microstructure of soft soil in Shanghai area. Environmental Earth Sciences 73(11):7679–7690, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12665-014-3934-x
Vasiliev NK, Pronk ADC, Shatalina IN, Janssen FHME, Houben RWG (2015) A review on the development of reinforced ice for use as a building material in cold regions. Cold Regions Science and Technology 115:56–63, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.coldregions.2015.03.006
Wang S, Niu F, Chen J, Dong Y (2020a) Permafrost research in China related to express highway construction. Permafrost and Periglacial Processes 31(3):406–416, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/ppp.2053
Wang J, Wang Q, Lin S, Han Y, Cheng S, Wang N (2020b) Relationship between the shear strength and microscopic pore parameters of saline soil with different freeze-thaw cycles and salinities. Symmetry 12(10):1–19, DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/sym12101709
Wang G, Yao J, Guo Z, Wu Q, Wang Y (2004) Changes in permafrost ecosystem under the influences of human engineering activities and its enlightenment to railway construction. Science Bulletin 49(16):1741–1750 (in Chinese)
Wei J, Kong F, Liu J, Chen Z, Kanungo DP, Lan X, Jiang C, Shi X (2018) Effect of sisal fiber and polyurethane admixture on the strength and mechanical behavior of sand. Polymers 10(10):1–15, DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/polym10101121
Wu Y, Qiao X, Yu X, Yu J, Deng Y (2021) Study on properties of expansive soil improved by steel slag powder and cement under freeze-thaw cycles. KSCE Journal of Civil Engineering 25(2):417–428, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12205-020-0341-6
Xiao H, Liu W, Yang W (2010) Experiment of the existing capacity of masonry blocks of in-service historical preserved buildings. Building Structure 11:116–118, DOI: https://doi.org/10.19701/j.jzjg.2010.11.028 (in Chinese)
Xue ZF, Cheng WC, Wang L, Song G (2021) Improvement of the shearing behaviour of loess using recycled straw fiber reinforcement. KSCE Journal of Civil Engineering 25(9):3319–3335, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12205-021-2263-3
Yang F, Zhang B, Zeng Y (2008) Exploratory research on the scientific nature and application of traditional sticky rice mortar. Palace Museum Journal 5:105–114+159, DOI: https://doi.org/10.16319/j.cnki.0452-7402.2008.05.008 (in Chinese)
Zhang X, Liao Z, Yang L (2003) Interaction between beta-cyclodextrin and crystallization of calcium carbonate. Acta Chimica Sinica 61(1):69–73 (in Chinese)
Zhang D, Yang G, Niu X, Zhang L, Wang Z (2019) Study on application effect of sand consolidating agent for the slope of highway subgrade in season frozen zone. Advances in Civil Engineering 2019, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1155/2019/3716153
Zhao P (2017) The effects and mechanism study of earthen sites reinforced by sticky rice mortar. MSc Thesis, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China (in Chinese)
Zhou Z, Ma W, Zhang S, Mu Y, Li G (2018) Effect of freeze-thaw cycles in mechanical behaviours of frozen loess. Cold Regions Science and Technology 146:9–18, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.coldregions.2017.11.011
Acknowledgments
This study was supported by the Sichuan Science and Technology Program (grant number 2019YFH0178), National Basic Research Program of China: The Funds for Creative Research Groups of China (grant number 41521002), Science and Technology Projects of Sichuan Province (grant number 2021YJ0053), and National Natural Science Foundation of China (grant number 41877273).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Deng, J., Zhao, J., Zhao, X. et al. Effect of Glutinous Rice Slurry on the Unconfined Compressive Strength of Lime-Treated Seasonal Permafrost Subjected to Freeze-Thaw Cycles. KSCE J Civ Eng 26, 1712–1722 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12205-022-1214-y
Received:
Revised:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12205-022-1214-y