Abstract
In the process of seepage, the internally unstable fine particles of sandy soil are easy to be lost and form suffusion, which has a negative effect on the geotechnical building or foundation. The loss rate of fine particles is a key parameter for soil mechanical property degradation and stability analysis. In order to predict the loss rate of fine particles in sandy soil under suffusion, the internal stability evaluation criteria for determining whether soil will undergo suffusion is discussed first. Second this paper gives critical hydraulic gradient for erosion initiation and introduces the stress reduction factor. And then considering the difference of soil particles’ forces, the stress reduction factor is modified, meanwhile the “erosion initiation probability of fine particles” is introduced to quantify the erosion initiation of fine particles. Next the migration process of fine particles in the pore network of soil is analyzed, and the probability of fine particles through constriction and the migration distance are given. Finally, the law of fine particle erosion and deposition are given according to the law of fine particle erosion initiation and migration, and the prediction method of fine particle loss rate was formed based on the law of mass conservation. The calculated results of fine particle loss by this prediction method are in good agreement with the numerical results, and the error is basically within 15%.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Cividini A, Bonomi S, Vignati GC, Gioda G (2009) Seepage-induced erosion in granular soil and consequent settlements. International Journal of Geomechanics 9:187–194, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)1532-3641(2009)9:4(187)
Cividini A, Gioda G (2004) Finite-element approach to the erosion and transport of fine particles in granular soils. International Journal of Geomechanics 4:191–198, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)1532-3641(2004)4:3(191)
Fell R, Wan CF, Cyganiewicz J, Foster M (2003) Time for development of internal erosion and piping in embankment dams. Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering 129:307–314, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)1090-0241(2003)129:4(307)
Foster M, Fell R, Spannagle M (2000) The statistics of embankment dam failures and accidents. Canadian Geotechnical Journal 37: 1000–1024, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1139/t00-030
Garner S, Fannin R (2010) Understanding internal erosion: A decade of research following a sinkhole event. The International Journal on Hydropower & Dams 17:93
Hosn RA, Sibille L, Benahmed N, Chareyre B (2018) A discrete numerical model involving partial fluid-solid coupling to describe suffusion effects in soils. Computers and Geotechnics 95:30–39, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compgeo.2017.11.006
Hu Z, Zhang Y, Yang Z (2019) Suffusion-induced deformation and microstructural change of granular soils: A coupled CFD—DEM study. Acta Geotechnica 14:795–814, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11440-019-00789-8
ICOLD (2013) Bulletin on internal erosion of dams. Dikes and Their Foundations 1
Indraratna B, Raut AK, Khabbaz H (2007) Constriction-based retention criterion for granular filter design. Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering 133:266–276, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)1090-0241(2007)133:3(266)
Israr J, Indraratna B (2019) Study of critical hydraulic gradients for seepage-induced failures in granular soils. Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering 145:04019025, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)GT.1943-5606.0002062
Kawano K, Shire T, O’Sullivan C (2018) Coupled particle-fluid simulations of the initiation of suffusion. Soils and Foundations 58:972–985, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sandf.2018.05.008
Kenney T, Lau D (1985) Internal stability of granular filters. Canadian Geotechnical Journal 22:215–225, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1139/t86-068
Kézdi A (1979) Soil physics: Selected topics (developments in geotechnical engineering). Elsevier Publishing Company, Limited, Essex, UK, 1–160
Kovacs G (1981) Seepage hydraulics. Elsevier Scientific Publishing Company, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
Langroudi MF, Soroush A, Shourijeh PT, Shafipour R (2013) Stress transmission in internally unstable gap-graded soils using discrete element modeling. Powder Technology 247:161–171, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.powtec.2013.07.020
Lei X, Yang Z, He S, Liu E, Wong H, Li X (2017) Numerical investigation of rainfall-induced fines migration and its influences on slope stability. Acta Geotechnica 12:1431–1446, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11440-017-0600-y
Li M, Fannin RJ (2008) Comparison of two criteria for internal stability of granular soil. Canadian Geotechnical Journal 45:1303–1309, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1139/T08-046
Liu Z, Miao T (2004) Assessment for the noncohesive piping-typed soils. Rock and Soil Mechanics 25:1072–1076, DOI: https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1000-7598.2004.07.014 (in Chinese)
Locke M, Indraratna B, Adikari G (2001) Time-dependent particle transport through granular filters. Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering 127:521–529, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)1090-0241(2001)127:6(521)
Luo Y, Su B, Sheng J, Zhan M (2011) New understandings on piping mechanism. Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering 33:1895–1902, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S1003-6326(11)60685-7 (in Chinese)
Reddi LN, Bonala MV (1997) Analytical solution for fine particle accumulation in soil filters. Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering 123:1143–1152, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)1090-0241(1997)123:12(1143)
Shen H, Luo X-q, Bi J-f (2017) Numerical simulation of internal erosion characteristics of block in matrix soil aggregate. Rock and Soil Mechanics 38:1497–1509, DOI: https://doi.org/10.16285/j.rsm.2017.05.033 (in Chinese)
Shire T, O’Sullivan C, Hanley K, Fannin RJ (2014) Fabric and effective stress distribution in internally unstable soils. Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering 140:04014072, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)GT.1943-5606.0001184
Sibille L, Lominé F, Poullain P, Sail Y, Marot D (2015) Internal erosion in granular media: Direct numerical simulations and energy interpretation. Hydrological Processes 29:2149–2163, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.10351
Skempton A, Brogan J (1994) Experiments on piping in sandy gravels. Geotechnique 44:449–460, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1680/geot.1994.44.3.449
Sterpi D (2003) Effects of the erosion and transport of fine particles due to seepage flow. International Journal of Geomechanics 3:111–122, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)1532-3641(2003)3:1(111)
Sufian A, Knight C, O’Sullivan C, van Wachem B, Dini D (2019) Ability of a pore network model to predict fluid flow and drag in saturated granular materials. Computers and Geotechnics 110:344–366, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compgeo.2019.02.007
To HD, Scheuermann A, Galindo-Torres SA (2016) Probability of transportation of loose particles in suffusion assessment by self-filtration criteria. Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering 142:04015078, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)GT.1943-5606.0001403
Wang M, Jiang Y, Yu L, Dong Y, Duan R (2020) Analytical solution of startup critical hydraulic gradient of fine particles migration in sandy soil. Rock and Soil Mechanics 41:2515–2524, DOI: https://doi.org/10.16285/j.rsm.2019.6452 (in Chinese)
Wu MX, Ye FM, Zhang Q (2017) Effect of fine grain loss on the stress-strain relationship of sand and gravel soils. Rock and Soil Mechanics 38:1550–1556, DOI: https://doi.org/10.16285/j.rsm.2017.06.002 (in Chinese)
Xiong H, Yin Z-Y, Zhao J, Yang Y (2021) Investigating the effect of flow direction on suffusion and its impacts on gap-graded granular soils. Acta Geotechnica 16:399–419, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11440-020-01012-9
Yang J, Yin Z-Y, Laouafa F, Hicher P-Y (2019) Internal erosion in dike-on-foundation modeled by a coupled hydromechanical approach. International Journal for Numerical and Analytical Methods in Geomechanics 43:663–683, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/nag.2877
Zhou J, Yao Z, Zhang G (2008) Research on piping mechanism in sandy soils based on discrete element theory. Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering 27:749–756, DOI: https://doi.org/10.3321/j.issn:1000-6915.2008.04.014 (in Chinese)
Acknowledgments
This research was funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 51878568).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Zhang, Y., Wang, M., Yu, L. et al. Prediction Method for Fine Particle Loss Rate of Sandy Soil under Suffusion. KSCE J Civ Eng 26, 2600–2609 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12205-022-0920-9
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12205-022-0920-9