Abstract
The magnesium phosphate cement (MPC)-carbon fiber reinforced plastics (CFRP) strengthening and electrochemical chloride extraction (ECE) integration experiment was carried out for reinforced concrete beams corroded by sodium chloride. Then the bending performance of the reinforced concrete beams was analyzed by test and numerical simulation. The reinforced concrete beams of the control group were energized to accelerate corrosion until the theoretical corrosion rate of the steel bars reached 10%. The second group of the beams were strengthened, and the other three groups of the beams were strengthened and the inside chloride was removed by electrochemistry method with different dechlorination current densities. The bending test results showed that the bending bearing capacity of the strengthened concrete beam increased by 18.22%. The bending bearing capacity of the strengthened and dechlorinated beam increased by 15.11%, 13.25% and 9.76%, respectively. The chloride ion content at the interface between steel bar and concrete reduced by 68.68%–82.64%. In addition, the numerical simulation method of “standard cube test block-central pull out test block-reinforced concrete beam” was proposed. A 3D mesoscopic finite element plastic damage model of the reinforced concrete beams strengthened by MPC-CFRP was established. The numerical results were in good agreement with the experimental results.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
Change history
02 June 2021
There is an update on PDF due to spacing error.
References
Al-Hammoud R, Soudki K, Topper TH (2011) Fatigue flexural behavior of corroded reinforced concrete beams repaired with CFRP sheets. Journal of Composites for Construction 15(1):42–51, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1061/(asce)cc.1943-5614.0000144
Altin S, Anil Z, Kara ME (2005) Improving shear capacity of existing RC beams using external bonding of steel plates. Engineering Structures 27(5):781–791, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2004.12.012
Choi HT, West JS, Soudki KA (2011) Partially bonded near-surface-mounted CFRP bars for strengthened concrete T-beams. Construction and Building Materials 25(5):2441–2449, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2010.11.056
El Maaddawy T, Soudki K (2005) Carbon-fiber-reinforced polymer repair to extend service life of corroded reinforced concrete beams. Journal of Composites for Construction 9(2):187–194, DOI:https://doi.org/10.1061/(asce)1090-0268(2005)9:2(187)
Firmo JP, Arruda MRT, Correia JR (2015) Numerical simulation of the fire behaviour of thermally insulated reinforced concrete beams strengthened with EBR-CFRP strips. Composite Structures 126:360–370, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compstruct.2015.02.084
Gao RX, Cao Q, Hu FJ, Gao ZY, Li FY (2017) Experimental study on flexural performance of reinforced concrete beams subjected to different plate strengthening. Composite Structures 176:565–581, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compstruct.2017.05.052
GB 50152-2012 (2012) Standard for test method of concrete structures. GB 50152-2012, Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Construction of the People’s Republic of China, Beijing China
GB 50164-2011 (2011) Standard for quality control of concrete. GB 50164-2011, Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Construction of the People’s Republic of China, Beijing, China
GB/T 17671-1999 (1999) Method of testing cements - Determination of strength. GB/T 17671-1999, State Bureau of Quality and Technical Supervision of China, Beijing, China
Grondin F, Matallah M (2014) How to consider the Interfacial Transition Zones in the finite element modelling of concrete. Cement and Concrete Research 58:67–75, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cemconres.2014.01.009
Huang YJ, Yang ZJ, Chen XW, Liu GH (2016) Monte Carlo simulations of meso-scale dynamic compressive behavior of concrete based on x-ray computed tomography images. International Journal of Impact Engineering 97:102–115, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijimpeng.2016.06.009
Jin L, Ding ZX, Li D, Du XL (2018a) Experimental and numerical investigations on the size effect of moderate high-strength reinforced concrete columns under small-eccentric compression. International Journal of Damage Mechanics 27(5):657–685, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/1056789517699054
Jin L, Yu WX, Su X, Zhang S, Du XL, Han JY, Li D (2018b) Effect of cross-section size on the flexural failure behavior of RC cantilever beams under low cyclic and monotonic lateral loadings. Engineering Structures 156:567–586, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2017.11.069
Jin L, Zhang S, Li D, Xu HB, Du XL, Li ZB (2018c) A combined experimental and numerical analysis on the seismic behavior of short reinforced concrete columns with different structural sizes and axial compression ratios. International Journal of Damage Mechanics 27(9):1416–1447, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/1056789517735679
Karpate H, Wheat H, Jirsa J, Fowler D, Whitney D (2011) Repair and rehabilitation of corrosiondamaged concrete elements using FRP composite wraps. World Journal of Engineering 8(2):147–150
Kim SM, Abu Al-Rub RK (2011) Meso-scale computational modeling of the plastic-damage response of cementitious composites. Cement and Concrete Research 41(3):339–358, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cemconres.2010.12.002
Li Y, Lin H (2019) Experimental study on the effect of different dispersed degrees carbon nanotubes on the modification of magnesium phosphate cement. Construction and Building Materials 200:240–247, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2018.12.113
Li YY, Guo B, Liu J (2014) Research on reinforced concrete beam enlarged cross section method experiment and finite element simulation. Applied Mechanics and Materials 638–640:208–213
Li Y, Liu XF, Wang ZG (2019) Experimental study on reinforcement and chloride extraction of concrete column with MPC-CFRP composite anode. KSCE Journal of Civil Engineering 23(4):1766–1775, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12205-019-1595-8
Li Y, Liu XF, Wu MK, Bai WL (2017) Research of electrochemical chloride extraction and reinforcement of concrete column using MPC-bonded carbon fiber reinforced plastic sheet & mesh. Construction and Building Materials 153:436–444, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2017.07.131
Li Y, Zhang GS, Wang ZG, Guan ZZ (2018) Experimental-computational approach to investigate compressive strength of magnesium phosphate cement with nanoindentation and finite element analysis. Construction and Building Materials 190:414–426, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2018.09.145
Lin H, Li Y, Li YQ (2019) A study on the deterioration of interfacial bonding properties of chloride-contaminated reinforced concrete after electrochemical chloride extraction treatment. Construction and Building Materials 197:228–240, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2018.11.196
Liu QF, Xia J, Easterbrook D, Yang J, Li LY (2014) Three-phase modelling of electrochemical chloride removal from corroded steel-reinforced concrete. Construction and Building Materials 70:410–427, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2014.08.003
Ma SQ, Bunnori NM, Choong KK, Zhao R (2019) Models reviewed for predicting CFRP shear contribution of strengthened reinforced concrete box beam. KSCE Journal of Civil Engineering 23(8):3644–3659, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12205-019-1850-z
Malumbela G, Moyo P, Alexander M (2011) Load-bearing capacity of corroded, patched and FRP-repaired RC beams. Magazine of Concrete Research 63(11):797–812, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1680/macr.2011.63.11.797
Miranda JM, Cobo A, Otero E, Gonzalez JA (2007) Limitations and advantages of electrochemical chloride removal in corroded reinforced concrete structures. Cement and Concrete Research 37(4):596–603, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cemconres.2007.01.005
Mondal P, Shah SP, Marks LD (2009) Nanomechanical properties of interfacial transition zone in concret. In: Bittnar Z, Bartos PJM, Nĕmeček J, Šmilauer V, Zeman J (eds) Nanotechnology in construction 3. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, Germany
Orellan JC, Escadeillas G, Arliguie G (2004) Electrochemical chloride extraction: Efficiency and side effects. Cement and Concrete Research 34(2):227–234, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cemconres.2003.07.001
Ormellese M, Berra M, Bolzoni F, Pastore T (2006) Corrosion inhibitors for chlorides induced corrosion in reinforced concrete structures. Cement and Concrete Research 36(3):536–547, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cemconres.2005.11.007
Peng YJ, Chen XY, Ying LP, Chen Y, Zhang LJ (2019) Mesoscopic numerical simulation of fracture process and failure mechanism of concrete based on convex aggregate model. Advances in Materials Science and Engineering 2019, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1155/2019/5234327
Polder RB (1996) Electrochemical chloride removal from concrete prisms containing chloride penetrated from sea water. Construction and Building Materials 10(1):83–88, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/0950-0618(95)00062-3
Rafi MM, Nadjai A, Ali F, Talamona D (2008) Aspects of behaviour of CFRP reinforced concrete beams in bending. Construction and Building Materials 22(3):277–285, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2006.08.014
Rahman MM, Jumaat MZ, Rahman MA, Qeshta IMI (2015) Innovative hybrid bonding method for strengthening reinforced concrete beam in flexure. Construction and Building Materials 79:370–378, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2014.12.081
Saraswathy V, Lee HS, Karthick S, Kwon SJ (2018) Extraction of chloride from chloride contaminated concrete through electrochemical method using different anodes. Construction and Building Materials 158:549–562, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2017.10.052
Scrivener KL, Crumbie AK, Laugesen P (2004) The interfacial transition zone (ITZ) between cement paste and aggregate in concrete. Interface Science 12(4):411–421, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1023/B:INTS.0000042339.92990.4c
Song ZH, Lu Y (2012) Mesoscopic analysis of concrete under excessively high strain rate compression and implications on interpretation of test data. International Journal of Impact Engineering 46:41–55, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijimpeng.2012.01.010
Song L, Yu ZW (2015) Fatigue performance of corroded reinforced concrete beams strengthened with CFRP sheets. Construction and Building Materials 90:99–109, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2015.05.024
Wriggers P, Moftah SO (2006) Mesoscale models for concrete: Homogenisation and damage behaviour. Finite Elements in Analysis and Design 42(7):623–636, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.finel.2005.11.008
Xie JH, Hu RL (2013) Experimental study on rehabilitation of corrosion-damaged reinforced concrete beams with carbon fiber reinforced polymer. Construction and Building Materials 38:708–716, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2012.09.023
Zhang ZX, Xu SH, Mu L, Peng SY (2020) Experimental and theoretical investigation on flexural behavior of corroded steel beams strengthened by CFRP plate. KSCE Journal of Civil Engineering 24(7):2160–2172, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12205-020-2140-5
Zhou RX, Song ZH, Lu Y (2017) 3D mesoscale finite element modelling of concrete. Computers & Structures 192:96–113, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compstruc.2017.07.009
Acknowledgments
The authors would like to acknowledge the financial support provided by National Natural Science Foundation of China (51678011) and National Natural Science Foundation of China (51808015).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Li, Y., Liu, J., Wang, Z. et al. Experimental-Numerical Analysis of Bending Behavior of Reinforced Concrete Beam with Electrochemical Chloride Extraction-Strengthening. KSCE J Civ Eng 25, 2991–3007 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12205-021-1383-0
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12205-021-1383-0