Abstract
Microbial-induced calcium carbonate precipitation (MICP) technology has been widely used in geotechnical engineering. The undrained and unconsolidated (UU) triaxial tests were conducted in this study to investigate the effect of bio-cementation concentration and treatment times on the mechanical behavior of MICP treated siliceous sands. Test results indicated that the strength of treated specimen is significantly affected by the bio-cementation concentration. The normalized σ′p/σ′p_u increases exponentially with treatment times and produced calcium carbonate. For the same treatment times, the higher the bio-cementation concentration, the larger the produced calcium carbonate and smaller corresponding failure strain. The void ratio and permeability of treated specimens decrease lineally with treatment times increase. The higher the used bio-cementation concentration, the larger the reduction of void ratio and permeability. SEM analysis illustrates that when the bio-cementation concentration is 0.5 mol/L, the crystal form of calcium carbonate is mainly spherical, while the concentrations are 0.7 mol/L and 1.0 mol/L, the crystal form of calcium carbonate is mainly block. This can explain from the perspective that the treatment effect of 0.7 mol/L and 1.0 mol/L bio-cement cementation is better than that of 0.5 mol/L.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Carrier III WD (2003) Goodbye, Hazen; Hello, Kozeny-Carman. Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering 129(11):1054–1056, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)1090-0241(2003)129:11(1054)
Chou CW, Seagren EA, Aydilek AH, Lai M (2011) Biocalcification of sand through ureolysis. Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering 137(12):1179–1189, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)GT.1943-5606.0000532
Chu J, Ivanov V, Naeimi M, Stabnikov V, Liu HL (2014) Optimization of calcium-based bioclogging and biocementation of sand. Acta Geotechnica 9(2):277–285, DIO: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11440-013-0278-8
Cui MJ, Zheng JJ, Zhang RJ, Lai HJ, Zhang J (2017) Influence of cementation level on the strength behaviour of bio-cemented sand. Acta Geotechnica 12(5):971–986, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11440-017-0574-9
Darby KM, Hernandez GL, DeJong JT, Boulanger RW, Gomez MG, Wilson DW (2019) Centrifuge model testing of liquefaction mitigation via microbially induced calcite precipitation. Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering 145(10):04019084, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)GT.1943-5606.0002122
DeJong JT, Mortensen BM, Martinez BC, Nelson DC (2010) Bio-mediated soil improvement. Ecological Engineering 36(2):197–210, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoleng.2008.12.029
DeJong JT, Soga K, Kavazanjian E, Burns S, van Paassen L, AL Qabany A, Aydilek A, Bang SS, Burbank M, Caslake LF, Chen CY, Cheng X, Chu J, Ciurli S, Esnault-Filet A, Fauriel A, Hamdan N, Hata T, Inagaki Y, Jefferis S, Kuo M, Laloui L, Larrahondo J, Manning DAC, Martinez B, Montoya BM, Nelson DC, Palomino A, Renforth P, Santamarina JC, Seagren EA, Tanyu B, Tsesarsky M, Weaver T (2013) Biogeochemical processes and geotechnical applications: Progress, opportunities and challenges. Geotechnique 63(4):287–301, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1680/geot.SIP13.P.017
Göktepe AB, Sezer A (2010) Effect of particle shape on density and permeability of sands. Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers-Geotechnical Engineering 163(6):307–320, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1680/geng.2010.163.6.307
Gomez MG, Graddy CMR, DeJong JT, Nelson DC, Tsesarsky M (2018) Stimulation of native microorganisms for biocementation in samples recovered from field-scale treatment depths. Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering 144(1):04017098, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)GT.1943-5606.0001804
Jiang NJ, Soga K, Kuo M (2017) Microbially induced carbonate precipitation for seepage-induced internal erosion control in sand-clay mixtures. Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering 143(3):04016100, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)GT.1943-5606.0001559
Kantzas A, Stehmeier L, Marentette DF, Ferris FG, Jha KN, Maurits FM (1992) A novel method of sand consolidation through bacteriogenic mineral plugging. Annual technical meeting, June 6–9, Calgary, AB, Canada, DOI: https://doi.org/10.2118/92-46
Kozeny J (1927) Ueber kapillare leitung des wassers im boden. Sitzungsberichte der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften 136(2a):271–306 (in German)
Li B (2015) Geotechnical properties of biocement treated sand and clay. PhD Thesis, Nanyang University of Technology, Singapore
Liu L, Liu HL, Stuedlein AW, Evans TM, Xiao Y (2019) Strength, stiffness, and microstructure characteristics of biocemented calcareous sand. Canadian Geotechnical Journal 56(10):1502–1513, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1139/cgj-2018-0007
Martinez BC, DeJong JT (2009) Bio-mediated soil improvement: Load transfer mechanisms at the micro-and macro-scales. U.S.-China workshop on ground improvement technologies 2009, March 14, Orlando, FL, USA, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1061/41025(338)26
Martinez BC, DeJong JT, Ginn TR, Montoya BM, Barkouki TH, Hunt C, Tanyu B, Major D (2013) Experimental optimization of microbial-induced carbonate precipitation for soil improvement. Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering 139(4):587–598, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)GT.1943-5606.0000787
Muhunthan B, Sariosseiri F (2008) Interpretation of geotechnical properties of cement treated soils. Report No. WA-RD 715.1, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA
Qabany AA, Soga K (2013) Effect of chemical treatment used in MICP on engineering properties of cemented soils. Geotechnique 63(4):331–339, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1680/geot.SIP13.P.022
Qabany AA, Soga K, Santamarina C (2012) Factors affecting efficiency of microbially induced calcite precipitation. Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering 138(8):992–1001, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)GT.1943-5606.0000666
Ramachandran SK, Ramakrishnan V, Bang SS (2001) Remediation of concrete using micro-organisms. ACI Materials Journal-American Concrete Institute 98(1):3–9, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1109/23.45373
van Paassen LA, Ghose R, van der Linden TJM, van der Star WRL, van Loosdrecht MCM (2010) Quantifying biomediated ground improvement by ureolysis: Large-scale biogrout experiment. Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering 136(12):1721–1728, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)GT.1943-5606.0000382
van Paassen LA, Harkes MP, van Zwieten GA, van der Zon WH, van der Star WRL, van Loosdrecht MCM (2009) Scale up of BioGrout: A biological ground reinforcement method. Proceedings of the 17th international conference on soil mechanics and geotechnical engineering, October 5–9, Alexandria, Egypt, 2328–2333
Whiffin VS (2004) Microbial CaCO3 precipitation for the production of biocement. PhD Thesis, Murdoch University, Perth, Australia
Whiffin VS, Van Paassen LA, Harkes MP (2007) Microbial carbonate precipitation as a soil improvement technique. Geomicrobiology Journal 24(5):417–423, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/01490450701436505
Wu CC, Zheng JJ, Lai HJ, Cui MJ, Song Y (2020) Investigation on the shear behavior of bio-cemented sand under different influencing factors. Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering 42(1):31–38, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11835/j.issn.2096-6717.2019.140 (in Chinese)
Xiao Y, Long L, Evans TM, Zhou H, Liu H, Stuedlein AW (2019) Effect of particle shape on stress-dilatancy responses of medium-dense sands. Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering 145(2): 04018105, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)GT.1943-5606.0001994
Xiao Y, Stuedlein AW, Chen Q, Liu H, Liu P (2018) Stress-strain-strength response and ductility of gravels improved by polyurethane foam adhesive. Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering 144(2):04017108, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)GT.1943-5606.0001812
Yang Y, Lai Y, Li J (2010) Laboratory investigation on the strength characteristic of frozen sand considering effect of confining pressure. Cold Regions Science and Technology 60(3):245–250, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.coldregions.2009.11.003
Acknowledgments
The authors gratefully acknowledge the financial support provided by Huadong Engineering Corporation Limited K201, the National Natural Science Fund of China (No. 51879246) and the Shandong Provincial Natural Science Foundation, China (No. ZR2019MEE056).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Shan, Z., Zhang, P. & Kou, H. Mechanical and Engineering Behavior of MICP-Treated Coarse Siliceous Sands. KSCE J Civ Eng 26, 79–87 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12205-021-0054-5
Received:
Revised:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12205-021-0054-5