Abstract
Recent advancements in improving the quality of cover concrete opened a new pathway known as controlled permeable formwork (CPF). In CPF liner, the air and water molecules were trapped in the concrete/formwork interface to spill/drain from concrete surface, at the same time retaining smaller cement and other fine particles. This novel approach, lowers the porosity of concretes surface area thereby mutually tends to improve/enrich the cement content. Another key advantage of this CPF liner system is its tendency to lower the proportion of w/c ratio (water-to-cement). The present experimental research work intends to analysis the impact of CPF liner regarding factors such as durability, corrosive nature along with chloride ingress of self compacting concrete (SCC) (reinforced) sample. For experimentation, initially the castings of concrete samples were done in relation to CPF liner and impermeable formwork (IMF) samples. Followed by various tests at different operating stages to evaluate rapid chloride penetration, chloride regress, chloride migration and accelerated rebar corrosion. On experimentation it can therefore be summed up as, CPF concrete attained phenomenal ability towards Cl ion ingress by 52%–71%. Moreover, the results also indicated that time for concrete cracking in relation to CPF liner was increased to about 1.8 times in comparison with conventional IMF concrete.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Adam AA, Law DW, Molyneaux T, Patnaikuni I, Aly T (2010) The effect of using controlled permeability formwork on the durability of concrete containing OPC and PFA. Australian Journal of Civil Engineering 6:6–1, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/14488353.2010.11463941
ASTM C 1202 (2012) Standard test method for electrical indication of concrete’s ability to resist chloride ion penetration. ASTM C 1202, ASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA, USA
ASTM G 1-03 (2009) Standard practice for preparing, cleaning and evaluating corrosion test specimens. ASTM G 1-03, ASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA, USA
Brueckner R, Williamson SJ, Clark LA (2012) Rate of the thaumasite form of sulphate attack under laboratory conditions. Cement & Concrete Composites 34:34–365, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cemconcomp.2011.11.023
Chen C, Liu J, Cui G, Liu J (2012) Effect of controlled permeability formwork on the improvement of concrete performance. Procedia Engineering 27:27–405, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.proeng.2011.12.468
Coutinho JS (2001) Effect of controlled permeability formwork (CPF) on white concrete. ACI Materials Journal 98:98–148
Coutinho JS (2003) The combined benefits of CPF and RHA in improving the durability of concrete structure. Cement& Concrete Composites 25:25–51, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0958-9465(01)00055-5
Fibertex A/S (2009) Denmark, BBA Agreement Certificate 03/4038
Figueiras H, Nunes S, Sousa J, Figueiras J (2009) Combined effect of two sustainable technologies: Self compacting concrete and controlled permeability formwork. Construction and Building Materials 23: 2518–2526, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2009.02.035
IS 383 (1970) Specification for coarse and fine aggregate from natural sources for concrete. Bureau of Indian Standards, New Delhi, India
IS 456 (2000) Plain and reinforced concrete, code of practice. Bureau of Indian Standards, New Delhi, India
IS 3812 (2013) Pulverized fuel ash-specification: Part 2-For use of admixture in Cement Mortar and Concrete Bureau of Indian Standards, New Delhi, India
IS 8112 (2013) Specification for ordinary portland cement — 43 Grade. Bureau of Indian Standards, New Delhi, India
IS 9103 (1999) Specification for concrete admixtures. Bureau of Indian Standards, New Delhi, India
Kasai Y, Nagano M, Sato K, Suga K (1998) Study on the evaluation of concrete quality prepared with permeable forms and plywood forms. Transactions of the Japan Concrete Institute 10:10–59
Kothandaraman S, Kandasamy S (2016) The effect of controlled permeable formwork liner on the mechanical properties of concrete. Materials and Structures 49(11):4737–4747, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1617/s11527-016-0821-9
Kothandaraman S, Kandasamy S (2017) The effect of controlled permeable formwork (CPF) liner on the surface quality of concrete. Cement & Concrete Composite 76:76–48, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cemconcomp.2016.11.012
Kothandaraman S, Kandasamy S, Sivaraman K (2016) Studies on the effect of controlled permeable formwork liner on the properties of self compacting concrete. Construction and Building Materials 118: 319–326, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2016.05.083
Liu J, Miao C, Chen C, Liu J, Cui G (2013) Effect and mechanism of controlled permeable formwork on concrete water adsorption. Construction and Building Materials 39:39–129, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2012.05.005
Marcotte TD (2001) Characterization of chloride-induced corrosion products that form in steel-reinforced cementitious materials. PhD Thesis, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada
McCarthy MJ, Giannakou A, Jones MR (2001) Specifying concrete for chloride environments using controlled permeability formwork. Materials and Structures 34:34–566, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02482183
McKenna P (2010) The effect of controlled permeability formwork on carbonation-induced corrosion. 3rd FIB international congress, May-June, Washington DC, USA
Nolan E, Basheer PAM, Long AE (1995) Effects of three durability enhancing products on some physical properties of near surface concrete. Construction and Building Materials 9:9–267, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/0950-0618(95)00020-G
NT BUILD 492 (1999) Concrete, mortar and cement-based materials: Chloride migration coefficient from non-steady state migration experiments. NORDTEST
Price WF (2000) Controlled permeability formwork. CIRIA Report, C 511
Price WF, Widdows SJ (1991) The effect of permeable formwork on the surface properties of concrete. Magazine of Concrete Research 43:43–93, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1680/MACR.1991.43.155.93
Schubel PJ, Warrior NA, Elliott KS (2008) Evaliation of concrete mixes and mineral additions when used with controlled permeability formwork. Construction and Building Materials 22:22–1536, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2007.03.029
Su N, Hsu KC, Chai HW (2001) A simple mix design method for self-compacting concrete. Cement and Concrete Research 31:31–1799, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0008-8846(01)00566-X
Acknowledgments
Not Applicable
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Kandasamy, S., Kothandaraman, S. Effect of Formwork Liner on Durability and Corrosion Characteristics of Self Compacting Concrete. KSCE J Civ Eng 25, 2046–2052 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12205-021-0017-x
Received:
Revised:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12205-021-0017-x