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Improving Groundwater Model in Regional Sedimentary Basin Using Hydraulic Gradients

  • Water Resources and Hydrologic Engineering
  • Published:
KSCE Journal of Civil Engineering Aims and scope

Abstract

Groundwater flow systems are strongly influenced by heterogeneity and anisotropy of hydraulic conductivity (K). Particularly in stratified clastic sedimentary aquifers, the vertical hydraulic gradient (dh/dz) is often very high, due to the low vertical hydraulic conductivity (Kv) or high anisotropy (Kh/Kv). However, data on the vertical hydraulic gradient to calibrate the anisotropy is seldom available. We investigated the relationship between the variable Kh/Kv and the dh/dz computed by a groundwater flow model to improve the regional parameterization using an extensive data base on 3D distribution of hydraulic head. Although it is commonly assumed that the value of Kh/Kv is 10, our values typically ranged between 10 and 105, because the maximum Kh/Kv was 105 in this regional basin. The simulations used MODFLOW-2000. We found that the high Kh/Kv contributed to high dh/dz, while identifying locations of potentially good vertical connectivity between the aquifer zones, where dh/dz is very low and difficult to measure sufficiently accurately. Sensitivity analysis of dh/dz to recharge and pumping from wells showed that recharge led to change in inflow of groundwater that led to head change, which in turn led to change in dh/dz. While, pumping contributed to aquifer outflow, as change in head drawdown around the influence zone, in turn changed dh/dz. Additionally, dh/dz in a shallower aquifer was more strongly affected by recharge and pumping.

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Acknowledgements

We thank the Thailand Research Fund through the Royal Golden Jubilee Ph.D. Program, Grant No. PHD/0189/2556 for the financial sponsorship. Thanks to the Thai Land Development Department, Thai Meteorological Department, Thai Royal Irrigation Department and Thai Department of Groundwater Resources for data. Special thanks also go to Dr. Christopher T. Green (U.S. Geological Survey) and Prof. Timothy R. Ginn (Washington State University) for their comments and suggestions.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Dept. of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, King Mongkut’s Institute of Technology Ladkrabang, Bangkok, 10520, Thailand

    Pinit Tanachaichoksirikun & Uma Seeboonruang

  2. Dept. of Land, Air and Water Resources, Faculty of Hydrology, University of California, Davis, CA, 95616, USA

    Graham E. Fogg

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  1. Pinit Tanachaichoksirikun
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  2. Uma Seeboonruang
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  3. Graham E. Fogg
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Correspondence to Pinit Tanachaichoksirikun.

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Tanachaichoksirikun, P., Seeboonruang, U. & Fogg, G.E. Improving Groundwater Model in Regional Sedimentary Basin Using Hydraulic Gradients. KSCE J Civ Eng 24, 1655–1669 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12205-020-1781-8

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12205-020-1781-8

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