Abstract
In this paper the efforts were made in the laboratory to construct a physical model and a simulated model with the help of computational fluid dynamic (CFD) techniques to provide the solutions of contaminant transport within the saturated porous media under a hydraulic structure. Brinkman equations with Forchheimer correction and species flow through porous media were considered together to describe the problem. Three categories factors were considered to be analyzed in this study. The first one is the hydraulic factors represented in the upstream water head (H). While, the second factor is the geometry of the hydraulic structures represented in the length of the base and the length of the sheet pile. The physical properties and chemical properties were the third investigated factors, in which the physical properties of the porous media include porosity and intrinsic permeability, while the chemical properties represented by the rate of generation and retardation caused by the adsorption. The physical properties have a slight effect on the concentrations because of the low flow velocity through the porous media. On the other hand, a considerable decrement on the concentrations were noticed when the rate of generation and retardation caused by adsorption was increased. Also, it was observed that the diffusion coefficient has no dramatic effect on the concentrations and contaminant moving. The results of the CFD simulated model and that of the physical model were verified with two cases for pressure head and one case for the contaminates transport. For the first case of pressure head, the maximum percentage error at five selected points was about 15% at worst point with average error of 10%. While, for the case two, the maximum percentage error is about 9% at worst one with an average error of 8%. For the simulation of the contaminates transport, reliable statistical indexes error indicted that the CFD simulated model gives a good agreement with all experimental results.
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Abbreviations
- c :
-
Concentration of contaminants
- C f :
-
Dimensionless friction coefficient
- c m :
-
Measured concentration
- \(\overline {{c_m}} \) :
-
The mean measured concentration
- C s :
-
Simulated concentration
- D = Dx = Dy :
-
Diffusion coefficient
- e :
-
Error
- H :
-
Up stream water head
- k :
-
Intrinsic permeability
- Kd :
-
Adsorption isotherm
- L b :
-
Length of base
- L s :
-
Length of the sheet pile
- MAE :
-
Mean absolute error
- MSE :
-
Mean squared error
- n :
-
Porosity
- p :
-
Pressure
- r :
-
Rate of generation
- R :
-
Retardation which is caused her by adsorption
- RMSE :
-
Root mean squared error
- RSE :
-
Relative squared error
- s:
-
Rate of external source, function of c
- u :
-
Velocity field in the x-direction
- v :
-
Velocity field in the y-direction
- µ :
-
Dynamic viscosity
- ρ :
-
Density
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Acknowledgements
The authors would like to thank Mustansiriyah University (www.uomustansiriyah.edu.iq) and college of engineering Baghdad-Iraq for its support in the present work and the Hydraulic and hydrology Laboratory staff in the College of Engineering for their support and helps through the period of the experiments.
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Muhsun, S.S., Saleh, M.S. & Qassim, A.R. Physical and CFD Simulated Models to Analyze the Contaminant Transport through Porous Media under Hydraulic Structures. KSCE J Civ Eng 24, 3674–3691 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12205-020-1767-6
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12205-020-1767-6