Abstract
The coupling ratio (CR) has been widely used to quantitatively reflect the degree of coupling action between the component walls and link beams of a coupled wall. However, the CR index is very difficult to evaluate at early design stages. In order to develop alternative design parameters that can be easily utilized and ensure the dual lateral force resisting mechanism of coupled walls, nine prototype coupled walls were designed considering various aspect ratios of wall pier (αw) and span-to-depth ratios of coupling beams (αb). The incremental dynamic analyses on the seismic fragility was conducted to examine the influences of αw and αb on the fragility characteristics and the margin capacities corresponding to different performance limit states. The double-factorial quadratic response surface method was used to further reveal the interactive impact of αw and αb on the overall behavior of coupled walls. Then the combinations of αw and αb that can produce the optimal values of response variables were obtained. The curve-fitting technique was used to find the relationship between optimal αb and αw. It is indicated that αb and αw can effectively serve as the alternative parameters to CR and ensure optimal overall structural performance of RC coupled walls.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Aktan, A. E., Bertero, V. V., and Piazza, M. (1984). “Seismic response of R/C frame-wall structures.” ASCE Journal of Structural Engineering, ASCE, Vol. 110, No. 8, pp. 1803–1821, DOI: 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9445(1984)110:8(1803).
Aristizabal-Ocfaoa, D. J. (1987). “Seismic behavior of slender coupled wall systems.” ASCE Journal of Structural Engineering, ASCE, Vol. 113, No. 10, pp. 2221–2234, DOI: 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9445(1987)113:10(2221).
Balachandran, M., Devanathan, S., Muraleekrishnan, R., and Bhagawan, S. S. (2012). “Optimizing properties of nanoclay-nitrile rubber (NBR) composites using face centred central composite design.” Materials & Design, Vol. 35, No. 8, pp. 854–862, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matdes.2011.03.077.
Chen, Y. T. and Lu, X. L. (2003). “Seismic behavior of coupled shear walls-experimental and theoretical analysis.” Journal of Building Structures, Vol. 24, No. 4, pp. 25–34, DOI: 10.3321/j.issn:1000-6869.2003.04.004 (in Chinese).
Choi, I. K., Choun, Y. S., Ahn, S. M., and Seo, J. M. (2006). “Seismic fragility analysis of a CANDU type NPP containment building for near-fault ground motions.” KSCE Journal of Civil Engineering, KSCE, Vol. 10, No. 2, pp. 105–112, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02823928.
Computers and Structures (CSI), Inc. (2011). User Guide for PERFORMED, Computers and Structures, Inc., Berkeley, California, USA.
EI-Tawil, S., Fortney, P., Harries, K., Shahrooz, B., Kurama, Y., Hassan M., and Tong, X. (2010). Recommendations for seismic design of hybrid coupled wall systems, ASCE, Reston, VA, pp. 14–16.
El-Tawil, S. and Kuenzli, C. M. (2002). “Pushover of hybrid coupled walls. Part II: Analysis and behavior.” ASCE Journal of Structural Engineering, ASCE, Vol. 128, No. 10, pp. 1282–1289, DOI: 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9445(2002)128:10(1282).
FEMA (2009). Quantification of building seismic performance factors (FEMA 695), FEMA, Washington, D.C.
Gong, B. and Shahrooz, B. M. (2001). “Steel-concrete composite coupling beams-behavior and design.” Engineering Structures, Vol. 23, No. 11, pp. 1480–1490, DOI: 10.1016/S0141-0296(01)00042-6.
Harries, K. A. (2001). “Ductility and deformability of coupling beams in reinforced concrete coupled walls.” Earthquake Spectra, Vol. 17, No. 3, pp. 457–478, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1193/1.1586184.
Harries, K. A., Moulton, J. D., and Clemson, R. L. (2004). “Parametric study of coupled wall behavior-implications for the design of coupling beams.” ASCE Journal of Structural Engineering, ASCE, Vol. 130, No. 12, pp. 480–488, DOI: 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9445(2004)130:3(480).
Ji, J., Xiao, Q. Y, and Huang, C. (2010). “Research on deformation limits of performance-based RC shear walls controlled by flexure.” Journal of Building Structures, Vol. 31, No. 9, pp. 35–41, DOI: https://doi.org/10.14006/j.jzjgxb.2010.09.009.
Kechidi, S., Macedo, L., Castro, J. M., and Bourahla, N. (2017). “Seismic risk assessment of cold-formed steel structural wall systems.” Journal of Constructional Steel Research, Vol. 138, pp. 565–579, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcsr.2017.08.011.
Lehman, D. E., Turgeon, J. A., Birely, A. C., and Hart, C. R. (2013). “Seismic behavior of a modern concrete coupled wall.” ASCE Journal of Structural Engineering, ASCE, Vol. 139, No. 8, pp. 1371–1381, DOI: 10.1061/(ASCE)ST.1943-541X0000853.
Liang, X. W. and Deng, M. K. (2007). “Experimental study on performance-based seismic design of high performance concrete shear wall.” Journal of Building Structures, Vol. 28, No. 5, pp. 80–88, DOI: https://doi.org/10.14006/j.jzjgxb.2007.05.010.
Liang, X. W., Huang, Y. J., and Yang, Q. W. (2005). “Displacement-based seismic design method for RC frames.” China Civil Engineering Journal, Vol. 38, No. 9, pp. 53–60, DOI: https://doi.org/10.15951/j.tmgcxb.2005.09.009.
Meftah, S. A., Mohri, E., and Daya, E. M. (2013). “Seismic behavior of RC coupled shear walls with strengthened coupling beams by bonded thin composite plates.” KSCE Journal of Civil Engineering, KSCE, Vol. 17, No. 2, pp. 403–414, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12205-013-1286-9.
Mehdi, M., Roohollah, A. J., and Mohammad, S. G. (2019). “Seismic fragility assessment of SMRFs with drilled flange connections using ground motion variability.” KSCE Journal of Civil Engineering, KSCE, Vol. 23, No. 4, pp. 1733–1746, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12205-019-1227-3.
Ministry of Housing and Urban-rural Development (2012). Load code for the design of building structures (GB 50009), Ministry of Housing and Urban-rural Development, Beijing, China.
Ministry of Housing and Urban-rural Development (2010). Code for Design of Concrete Structures (GB 50010), Ministry of Housing and Urban-rural Development, Beijing, China.
Ministry of Housing and Urban-rural Development (2010). Code for Seismic Design of Buildings (GB 50011), Ministry of Housing and Urban-rural Development, Beijing, China.
Ministry of Housing and Urban-rural Development (2010). Technical specification for concrete structures of tall building (JGJ 3), Ministry of Housing and Urban-rural Development, Beijing, China.
Montgomery, D. C. (2001). Design and analysis of experiments, John Wiley & Sons Co., Toronto, Canada.
Nazrari, Y. R. and Saatcioglu, M. (2017). “Seismic vulnerability assessment of concrete structural wall buildings through fragility analysis.” Journal of Building Engineering, Vol. 12, pp. 202–209, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jobe.2017.06.006.
Pacific Earthquake Engineering Research Center (PEER) (2010). Modeling and acceptance criteria for seismic design and analysis of tall buildings, Pacific Earthquake Engineering Research Center (PEER), Berkeley, CA, USA.
Park, R. (1982). “Ductility of square-confined concrete columns.” ASCE Journal of the Structural Division, ASCE, Vol. 108, No. 4, pp. 929–950.
Park, W. S. and Yun, H. D. (2005). “Seismic behaviour of coupling beams in a hybrid coupled shear walls.” Journal of Constructional Steel Research, Vol. 6, No. 11, pp. 1492–1524, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/jjcsr.2005.04.006.
Pejovic, J. and Jankovic, S. (2016). “Seismic fragility assessment for reinforced concrete high-rise buildings in Southern Euro-Mediterranean zone.” Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering, Vol. 14, No. 1, pp. 185–212, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10518-015-9812-4.
Rajeev, P. and Tesfamariam, S. (2012). “Seismic fragilities for reinforced concrete buildings with consideration of irregularities.” Journal of Structural Safety, Vol. 39, No. 4, pp. 1–13, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.strusafe.2012.06.001.
Shinozuka, M., Feng, M. Q., Lee, J., and Naganuma, T. (2000). “Statistical analysis of fragility curves.” Journal of Engineering Mechanics, Vol. 126, No. 12, pp. 1224–1231, DOI: 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9399(2000)126:12(1224).
Santhakumar, A. R. (1974). The ductility of coupled structural walls, PhD Thesis, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand.
Shome, N. (1999). Probabilistic seismic demand analysis of non-linear structures, PhD Thesis, Stanford University, Stanford, USA.
Subedi, N. K. (1991a). “RC-coupled structural wall structures. I: Analysis of coupling beam.” ASCE Journal of Structural Engineering, ASCE, Vol. 117, No. 3, pp. 667–680, DOI: 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9445(1991)117:3(667).
Subedi, N. K. (1991b). “RC-coupled structural wall structures. II: Ultimate strength calculations.” ASCE Journal of Structural Engineering, ASCE, Vol. 117 No. 3, pp. 681–698, DOI: 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9445(1991)117:3(681).
Shiu, K. N., Takayanagi, T., and Corley, W. G. (1984). “Seismic behavior of coupled wall systems.” ASCE Journal of Structural Engineering, ASCE, Vol. 110, No. 5, pp.1051–1066, DOI: 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9445(1984)110:5(1051).
Vamvatsikos, D. and Cornell C. A. (2002). “Incremental dynamic analysis.” Earthquake Engineering and Structural Dynamics, Vol. 31, No.3, pp. 491–514, DOI: 10.1002/eqe.l41.
Vamvatsikos, D. and Cornell, C. A. (2004). “Applied incremental dynamic analysis.” Earthquake Spectra, Vol. 20, No. 2, pp. 523–553, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1193/1.1737737.
Acknowledgements
This research project is financially sponsored by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 51578090). The authors would like to express their sincere thanks and appreciation to the supporting agency of this project.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Wu, Y., Wang, B., Yang, Y. et al. Nonlinear Optimization for Geometric Parameters of Reinforced Concrete Coupled Structural Walls. KSCE J Civ Eng 23, 4339–4353 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12205-019-1189-5
Received:
Revised:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12205-019-1189-5