Abstract
A sluice structure with multiple gates is often followed by an enlarging channel downstream. Experiments are conducted for different enlargement ratios in cross-section and Froude numbers at the gates. A large-scale PIV system is adopted to capture the surface flow field for examination of the flow features. The study shows that, despite the centrally placed sluice structure with symmetric outflow, a hydraulic jump occurs and the main flow downstream exhibits, in terms of expansion and deflection, a high degree of asymmetry and formation of large circulation zones. The degree of deflection increases significantly along the longitudinal direction for all the enlargement ratios except the smallest. The toe of the hydraulic jump is controlled at the upper edge of the sloping surface downstream of the gates. In light of outflow width, Froude number and enlargement ratio, the flow is classified into three regions. Immediately downstream, the effect of outflow width gradually decreases with increasing Froude number. Further downstream, the degree of deflection augments with increasing enlargement ratio, with circulation zones. At a given cross-section, the degree of expansion is positively related to the enlargement ratio. The study is expected to provide guidance for examination of similar issues of flow pattern and erosion protection design.
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05 March 2020
This erratum is to notify a mismatch of DOIs between the items uploaded in Springer web page and the final manuscripts published in Volume 24, Issue 2 (Feb. 2020). Due to a technical error, incorrect DOIs were used in the Springer web page. The DOIs in the published issue are correct.
Abbreviations
- B :
-
Bottom width of trapezoidal channel cross-section
- b :
-
Total outflow width inclusive of interjacent piers
- b s :
-
Net width of a gate opening
- d :
-
Lateral distance between two 0.5umax points of the u profile
- e :
-
Gate opening height
- F :
-
Jump-toe Froude number
- F1 :
-
Gate Froude number
- g :
-
Gravitational acceleration
- H :
-
Upstream water level
- h :
-
Average water depth at jump toe
- h t :
-
Tailwater level
- i, j, k :
-
Subscripts
- l :
-
Length of study domain in x-direction
- M :
-
Mean d/b value
- N :
-
Constant
- n :
-
Number of opened gates
- Q :
-
Flow rate
- R ave :
-
Average of RMS for a given β value
- R 2 :
-
Determination coefficient
- u :
-
Longitudinal velocity
- u max :
-
Maximum longitudinal velocity at a cross-section
- V :
-
Resultant velocity
- w :
-
Width of study domain in y-direction
- x :
-
Longitudinal coordinate
- y :
-
Transverse coordinate
- y max :
-
Lateral position corresponding to umax
- β :
-
Enlargement ratio
- μ :
-
Dynamic viscosity of water
- ρ :
-
Water density
- σ :
-
Surface tension of water
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Acknowledgements
The experiments are performed at Hohai University Laboratory of Engineering Hydraulics. The study is partly funded by Fundamental Research Funds for Central Universities (2017B625X14), Jiangsu Province Postgraduate Research & Practice Innovation Program (KYCX17_0439), the NSFC (51279048). The 1st author gratefully acknowledges the financial support from China Scholarship Council (File No. 201806710088). The 2nd author, James Yang, is a member of 111 Project “Discipline Innovation & Research Base on River Network Hydrodynamics System and Safety” (Grant No. B17015), from Ministry of Education and China State Administration of Foreign Experts Affairs, with Hohai University as executive organization. The authors would like to thank Xie QC and Teng PH for comments on the paper and Ma GG for help with the tests.
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A correction to this article is available at https://doi.org/10.1007/s12205-020-2402-2
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Chen, Y., Yang, J., Yu, J. et al. Flow Expansion and Deflection Downstream of a Symmetric Multi-gate Sluice Structure. KSCE J Civ Eng 24, 471–482 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12205-019-1080-4
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12205-019-1080-4