Skip to main content
Log in

Safety in green building construction projects in Singapore: Performance, critical issues, and improvement solutions

  • Construction Management
  • Published:
KSCE Journal of Civil Engineering Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

The green buildings have achieved a rapid development recently with the surge in global interest in sustainable development. However, the emphasis placed on the issue of safety in green building construction projects remains minimal. This study aims to conduct an investigation and comparison of safety performance and critical safety issues between green and conventional building construction projects in Singapore, and to propose a series of feasible solutions to improve the safety performance in green building construction projects. To achieve these objectives, a questionnaire survey was conducted, and data collected from 30 construction companies were analyzed. The analysis results showed that the accident rate in green building construction projects was higher than that in conventional building construction projects. The results also indicated that, although the two types of projects shared the same top ten critical safety issues, six critical safety issues, namely, “exposure to hazardous substances”, “inhalation”, “moving/handling heavy loads”, “respiratory failure”, “being struck against manually operated tools”, and “being struck by falling objects”, were perceived differently between green and conventional building construction projects. This study also recommended a set of specific solutions to improve safety performance in green building construction projects, based on the feedback collected from the questionnaire survey.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Abudayyeh, O., Fredericks, T. K., Butt, S. E., and Shaar, A. (2006). “An investigation of management’s commitment to construction safety.” International Journal of Project Management, Vol. 24, No. 2, pp. 167–174, DOI: 10.1016/j.ijproman.2005.07.005.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Aghazadeh, F. and Mital, A. (1987). “Injuries due to handtools: Results of a questionnaire.” Applied ergonomics, Vol. 18, No. 4, pp. 273–278, DOI: 10.1016/0003-6870(87)90134-7.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Akintoye, A. (2000). “Analysis of factors influencing project cost estimating practice.” Construction Management and Economics, Vol. 18, No. 1, pp. 77–89, DOI: 10.1080/014461900370979.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Al-Humaidi, H. and Tan, F. H. (2009). “Mobile crane safe operation approach to prevent electrocution using fuzzy-set logic models.” Advances in Engineering Software, Vol. 40, No. 8, pp. 686–696, DOI: 10.1016/j.advengsoft.2008.11.016.

    Article  MATH  Google Scholar 

  • Ameyaw, E. E., Hu, Y., Shan, M., Chan, A. P. C., and Le, Y. (2016). “Application of Delphi method in construction engineering and management research: a quantitative perspective.” Journal of Civil Engineering and Management, Vol. 22, No. 8, pp. 991–1000, DOI: 10.3846/13923730.2014.945953.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Aneziris, O., Papazoglou, I., Mud, M., Damen, M., Bellamy, L., Manuel, H., and Oh, J. (2014). “Occupational risk quantification owing to falling objects.” Safety Science, Vol. 69, pp. 57–70, DOI: 10.1016/j.ssci.2014.02.017.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Aneziris, O. N., Papazoglou, I. A., Mud, M. L., Damen, M., Kuiper, J., Baksteen, H., Ale, B. J., Bellamy, L. J., Hale, A. R., Bloemhoff, A., Post, J. G., and Oh, J. (2008). “Towards risk assessment for crane activities.” Safety Science, Vol. 46, No. 6, pp. 872–884, DOI: 10.1016/j.ssci.2007.11.012.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Azevedo, R., Martins, C., Teixeira, J. C., and Barroso, M. (2014). “Obstacle clearance while performing manual material handling tasks in construction sites.” Safety Science, Vol. 62, pp. 205–213, DOI: 10.1016/j.ssci.2013.08.016.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • BCA, S. (2014). 3rd Green Building Masterplan, BCA (Retrieved on 7 April, 2016).

    Google Scholar 

  • BCA, S. (2015a). Home-Technology-BCA Green Mark Scheme-Enhanced SGD 20 Million Green Mark Incentive Scheme for New Buildings (GMIS-NB), BCA (Retrieved on 7 April, 2016).

    Google Scholar 

  • BCA, S. (2015b). Home-Technology-BCA Green Mark Scheme-SGD 100 Million Green Mark Incentive Scheme for Existing Buildings (BMIS-EB), BCA (Retrieved on 7 April, 2016).

    Google Scholar 

  • BCA, S. (2016). BCA Directory of Registered Contractors & Licensed Builders, BCA (Retrieved on 30 June, 2016).

    Google Scholar 

  • Bortolini, L., Cividino, S. R. S., Gubiani, R., Cecchini, M., Delfanti, L. M. P., and Colantoni, A. (2016). “Urban green spaces activities: A preparatory groundwork for a safety management system.” Journal of Safety Research, Vol. 56, pp. 75–82, DOI: 10.1016/j.jsr.2015.12.004.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cameron, I., Hare, B., and Davies, R. (2008). “Fatal and major construction accidents: A comparison between Scotland and the rest of Great Britain.” Safety Science, Vol. 46, No. 4, pp. 692–708, DOI: 10.1016/j.ssci.2007.06.007.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cheng, Y. H., Lin, C. C., and Hsu, S. C. (2015). “Comparison of conventional and green building materials in respect of VOC emissions and ozone impact on secondary carbonyl emissions.” Building and Environment, Vol. 87, pp. 274–282, DOI: 10.1016/j.buildenv.2014.12.025.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Chi, C. F., Chang, T. C., and Ting, H. I. (2005). “Accident patterns and prevention measures for fatal occupational falls in the construction industry.” Applied Ergonomics, Vol. 36, No. 4, pp. 391–400, DOI: 10.1016/j.apergo.2004.09.011.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Chi, C. F., Yang, C. C., and Chen, Z. L. (2009). “In-depth accident analysis of electrical fatalities in the construction industry.” International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics, Vol. 39, No. 4, pp. 635–644, DOI: 10.1016/j.ergon.2007.12.003.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Chi, C. F., Lin, Y. Y., and Ikhwan, M. (2012). “Flow diagram analysis of electrical fatalities in construction industry.” Safety Science, Vol. 50, No. 5, pp. 1205–1214, DOI: 10.1016/j.ssci.2011.12.012.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Chi, S. and Han, S. (2013). “Analyses of systems theory for construction accident prevention with specific reference to OSHA accident reports.” International Journal of Project Management, Vol. 31, No. 7, pp. 1027–1041, DOI: 10.1016/j.ijproman.2012.12.004.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Choudhry, R., Fang, D., and Ahmed, S. (2008). “Safety Management in Construction: Best Practices in Hong Kong.” Journal of Professional Issues in Engineering Education and Practice, Vol. 134, No. 1, pp. 20–32, DOI: 10.1061/(ASCE)1052-3928(2008)134:1(20).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Contreras, E. and Buchanan, S. (2012). “Piloting a personal protection equipment distribution program among Chicago day laborers.” American Journal of Industrial Medicine, Vol. 55, No. 2, pp. 159–166, DOI: 10.1002/ajim.21996.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Demirkesen, S. and Arditi, D. (2015). “Construction safety personnel’s perceptions of safety training practices.” International Journal of Project Management, Vol. 33, No. 5, pp. 1160–1169, DOI: 10.1016/j.ijproman.2015.01.007.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Deng, Y., Li, Z., and Quigley, J. M. (2012). “Economic returns to energy-efficient investments in the housing market: Evidence from Singapore.” Regional Science and Urban Economics, Vol. 42, No. 3, pp. 506–515, DOI: 10.1016/j.regsciurbeco.2011.04.004.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dewlaney, K., Hallowell, M., and Fortunato, B. (2011). “Safety risk quantification for high performance sustainable building construction.” Journal of Construction Engineering and Management, Vol. 138, No. 8, pp. 964–971, DOI: 10.1061/(ASCE)CO.1943-7862.0000504.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dewlaney, K. S. and Hallowell, M. (2012). “Prevention through design and construction safety management strategies for high performance sustainable building construction.” Construction Management and Economics, Vol. 30, No. 2, pp. 165–177, DOI: 10.1080/01446193. 2011.654232.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dowson, M., Poole, A., Harrison, D., and Susman, G. (2012). “Domestic UK retrofit challenge: Barriers, incentives and current performance leading into the Green Deal.” Energy Policy, Vol. 50, pp. 294–305, DOI: 10.1016/j.enpol.2012.07.019.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Environmental Protection Agency, E. (2012). EPA-Green Building-Why Build Green? EPA (Retrieved on 25 May, 2016).

  • Fortunato, B. R., Hallowell, M. R., Behm, M., and Dewlaney, K. (2011). “Identification of safety risks for high-performance sustainable construction projects.” Journal of Construction Engineering and Management, Vol. 138, No. 4, pp. 499–508, DOI: 10.1061/(ASCE)CO.1943-7862.0000446.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gangolells, M., Casals, M., Forcada, N., Roca, X., and Fuertes, A. (2010). “Mitigating construction safety risks using prevention through design.” Journal of Safety Research, Vol. 41, No. 2, pp. 107–122, DOI: 10.1016/j.jsr.2009.10.007.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Goh, Y. M. and Chua, D. (2013). “Neural network analysis of construction safety management systems: A case study in Singapore.” Construction Management and Economics, Vol. 31, No. 5, pp. 460–470, DOI: 10.1080/01446193.2013.797095.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Griffith, A. (2002). “Management systems for sustainable construction: Integrating environmental, quality and safety management systems.” International Journal of Environmental Technology and Management, Vol. 2, Nos. 1-3, pp. 114–126, DOI: 10.1504/IJETM.2002.000781.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Guo, B. H. W. and Yiu, T. W. (2016). “Developing leading indicators to monitor the safety conditions of construction projects.” Journal of Management in Engineering, Vol. 32, No. 1, pp. 0000376, DOI: 10.1061/(asce)me.1943-5479.0000376.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gursel, A. P. and Ostertag, C. P. (2016). “Impact of Singapore’s importers on life-cycle assessment of concrete.” Journal of Cleaner Production, Vol. 118, pp. 140–150, DOI: 10.1016/j.jclepro.2016.01.051.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hajmohammad, S. and Vachon, S. (2014). “Safety culture: a catalyst for sustainable development.” Journal of Business Ethics, Vol. 123, No. 2, pp. 263–281, DOI: 10.1007/s10551-013-1813-0.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Haslam, R. A., Hide, S. A., Gibb, A. G., Gyi, D. E., Pavitt, T., Atkinson, S., and Duff, A. (2005). “Contributing factors in construction accidents.” Applied Ergonomics, Vol. 36, No. 4, pp. 401–415, DOI: 10.1016/j.apergo.2004.12.002.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hinze, J. (1997). Construction safety, Prentice Hall, New Jersey, New York, N.Y.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hinze, J. W. and Teizer, J. (2011). “Visibility-related fatalities related to construction equipment.” Safety Science, Vol. 49, No. 5, pp. 709–718, DOI: 10.1016/j.ssci.2011.01.007.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hon, C. K. and Chan, A. P. (2013). “Fatalities of repair, maintenance, minor alteration, and addition works in Hong Kong.” Safety Science, Vol. 51, No. 1, pp. 85–93, DOI: 10.1016/j.ssci.2012.06.013.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Huang, X. and Hinze, J. (2003). “Analysis of construction worker fall accidents.” Journal of Construction Engineering and Management, Vol. 129, No. 3, pp. 262–271, DOI: 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9364 (2003)129:3(262).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hwang, B. G., Shan, M., and Supa’at, N. N. B. (2017). “Green commercial building projects in Singapore: Critical risk factors and mitigation measures.” Sustainable Cities and Society, Vol. 30, pp. 237–247, DOI: 10.1016/j.scs.2017.01.020.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hwang, B., Shan, M., and Tan, E. (2016). “Investigating reworks in green building construction projects: Magnitude, influential factors, and solutions.” International Journal of Environmental Research, Vol. 10, No. 4, pp. 499–510.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hwang, B. G., Zhao, X., See, Y. L., and Zhong, Y. (2015). “Addressing risks in green retrofit projects: The case of singapore.” Project Management Journal, Vol. 46, No. 4, pp. 76–89, DOI: 10.1002/pmj.21512.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ilvonen, O. (2013). “Assessing release of hazardous substances from construction products-Review of 10 years of experience with a horizontal approach in the European Union.” Building and Environment, Vol. 69, pp. 194–205, DOI: 10.1016/j.buildenv.2013.08.010.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Irumba, R. (2014). “Spatial analysis of construction accidents in Kampala, Uganda.” Safety Science, Vol. 64, pp. 109–120, DOI: 10.1016/j.ssci.2013.11.024.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Jaselskis, E. J. and Recarte Suazo, G. A. (1994). “A survey of construction site safety in Honduras.” Construction Management and Economics, Vol. 12, No. 3, pp. 245–255, DOI: 10.1080/01446199400000032.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kaskutas, V., Dale, A. M., Lipscomb, H., and Evanoff, B. (2013). “Fall prevention and safety communication training for foremen: Report of a pilot project designed to improve residential construction safety.” Journal of Safety Research, Vol. 44, pp. 111–118, DOI: 10.1016/j.jsr.2012.08.020.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ke, Y., Wang, S., Chan, A. P., and Cheung, E. (2011). “Understanding the risks in China’s PPP projects: Ranking of their probability and consequence.” Engineering, Construction and Architectural Management, Vol. 18, No. 5, pp. 481–496, DOI: 10.1108/09699981111165176.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kines, P. (2003). “Case studies of occupational falls from heights: Cognition and behavior in context.” Journal of Safety Research, Vol. 34, No. 3, pp. 263–271, DOI: 10.1016/S0022-4375(03)00023-9.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lam, P. T., Chan, E. H., Chau, C., Poon, C., and Chun, K. (2011). “Environmental management system vs green specifications: How do they complement each other in the construction industry?” Journal of Environmental Management, Vol. 92, No. 3, pp. 788–795, DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2010.10.030.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lingard, H. and Rowlinson, S. M. (2005). Occupational health and safety in construction project management, Taylor & Francis, New York, N.Y.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lipscomb, H. J., Schoenfisch, A. L., and Shishlov, K. S. (2010). “Nonfatal contact injuries among workers in the construction industry treated in US emergency departments, 1998-2005.” Journal of Safety Research, Vol. 41, No. 3, pp. 191–195, DOI: 10.1016/j.jsr.2010.03.004.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lu, W. and Yuan, H. (2013). “Investigating waste reduction potential in the upstream processes of offshore prefabrication construction.” Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Vol. 28, pp. 804–811, DOI: 10.1016/j.rser.2013.08.048.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lupsea, M., Tiruta-Barna, L., and Schiopu, N. (2014). “Leaching of hazardous substances from a composite construction product–An experimental and modelling approach for fibre-cement sheets.” Journal of Hazardous Materials, Vol. 264, pp. 236–245, DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2013.11.017.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • McCann, M. (2006). “Heavy equipment and truck-related deaths on excavation work sites.” Journal of Safety Research, Vol. 37, No. 5, pp. 511–517, DOI: 10.1016/j.jsr.2006.08.005.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • McPherson, D. (2008). “Balancing PPE protection with comfort, fit & style.” Professional Safety, Vol. 53, No. 3, pp. 50–52.

    Google Scholar 

  • Müngen, U. and Gürcanli, G. E. (2005). “Fatal traffic accidents in the Turkish construction industry.” Safety Science, Vol. 43, No. 5, pp. 299–322, DOI: 10.1016/j.ssci.2005.06.002.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ott, R. L. and Longnecker, M. T. (2015). An Introduction to Statistical Methods and Data Analysis, Cengage Learning, Belmont, C.A.

  • Patel, D. A. and Jha, K. N. (2015). “Neural network model for the prediction of safe work behavior in construction projects.” Journal of Construction Engineering and Management, Vol. 141, No. 1, pp. 0000922, DOI: 10.1061/(asce)co.1943-7862.0000922.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Pearce, A. and Kleiner, B. (2013). The safety and health of construction workers on green projects (Retrieved on 20 September, 2016).

    Google Scholar 

  • Perlman, A., Sacks, R., and Barak, R. (2014). “Hazard recognition and risk perception in construction.” Safety Science, Vol. 64, pp. 22–31, DOI: 10.1016/j.ssci.2013.11.019.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rajendran, S. and Gambatese, J. A. (2009). “Development and initial validation of sustainable construction safety and health rating system.” Journal of Construction Engineering and Management, Vol. 135, No. 10, pp. 1067–1075, DOI: 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9364(2009) 135:10(1067).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rajendran, S., Gambatese, J. A., and Behm, M. G. (2009). “Impact of green building design and construction on worker safety and health.” Journal of Construction Engineering and Management, Vol. 135, No. 10, pp. 1058–1066, DOI: 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9364(2009)135:10(1058).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rechenthin, D. (2004). “Project safety as a sustainable competitive advantage.” Journal of Safety Research, Vol. 35, No. 3, pp. 297–308, DOI: 10.1016/j.jsr.2004.03.012.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Reijnders, L. and Van Roekel, A. (1999). “Comprehensiveness and adequacy of tools for the environmental improvement of buildings.” Journal of Cleaner Production, Vol. 7, No. 3, pp. 221–225, DOI: 10.1016/S0959-6526(99)00080-3.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rogmans, T. and Ghunaim, M. (2016). “A framework for evaluating sustainability indicators in the real estate industry.” Ecological Indicators, Vol. 66, pp. 603–611, DOI: 10.1016/j.ecolind.2016.01.058.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rowlinson, S., YunyanJia, A., Li, B., and ChuanjingJu, C. (2014). “Management of climatic heat stress risk in construction: a review of practices, methodologies, and future research.” Accident Analysis & Prevention, Vol. 66, pp. 187–198, DOI: 10.1016/j.aap.2013.08.011.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Schoonover, T., Bonauto, D., Silverstein, B., Adams, D., and Clark, R. (2010). “Prioritizing prevention opportunities in the Washington State construction industry, 2003-2007.” Journal of Safety Research, Vol. 41, No. 3, pp. 197–202, DOI: 10.1016/j.jsr.2010.02.010.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Shen, L., Wu, G. W., and Ng, C. S. (2001). “Risk assessment for construction joint ventures in China.” Journal of Construction Engineering and Management, Vol. 127, No. 1, pp. 76–81, DOI: 10.1061/(ASCE) 0733-9364(2001)127:1(76).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Spillane, J. P., Oyedele, L. O., Von Meding, J., Jaiyeoba, B. E., and Tijani, I. K. (2011). “Confined site construction: A qualitative investigation of critical issues affecting management of health and safety.” Journal of Civil Engineering and Construction Technology, Vol. 2, No. 7, pp. 138–146.

    Google Scholar 

  • Statistics Singapore, S. (2014). Latest Data -Population & Land Area (Retrieved on 8 May, 2016).

    Google Scholar 

  • Still, J., Orlet, H., Law, E., Wheeler, M., and Pickens, H. (1997). “Electrocution due to contact of industrial equipment with power lines.” Burns, Vol. 23, No. 7, pp. 573–575, DOI: 10.1016/S0305-4179(97)00060-0.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Swuste, P. (2013). “A ‘normal accident’ with a tower crane? An accident analysis conducted by the Dutch Safety Board.” Safety Science, Vol. 57, pp. 276–282, DOI: 10.1016/j.ssci.2013.03.002.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Tam, C. M., Zeng, S. X., and Deng, Z. M. (2004). “Identifying elements of poor construction safety management in China.” Safety Science, Vol. 42, No. 7, pp. 569–586, DOI: 10.1016/j.ssci.2003.09.001.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Tam, V. W. and Fung, I. W. (2011). “Tower crane safety in the construction industry: A Hong Kong study.” Safety Science, Vol. 49, No. 2, pp. 208–215, DOI: 10.1016/j.ssci.2010.08.001.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Walter, L. (2011). “Green” Construction Workers May Face Additional Safety Risks. (Retrieved on 16 August, 2016)

    Google Scholar 

  • Williams, Q., Ochsner, M., Marshall, E., Kimmel, L., and Martino, C. (2010). “The impact of a peer-led participatory health and safety training program for Latino day laborers in construction.” Journal of Safety Research, Vol. 41, No. 3, pp. 253–261, DOI: 10.1016/j.jsr.2010.02.009.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • World Health Organization, W. (2016). International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems 10th Revision (ICD-10)-WHO Version for 2016 (Retrieved on 3 October, 2016).

  • WSHC, S. (2010). Implementing WSH 2018 for the Construction Sector in Singapore (Retrieved on 20 May, 2016).

  • WSHC, S. (2012). Workplace Safety and Health, 2012 (Retrieved on 21 September, 2016).

    Google Scholar 

  • WSHC, S. (2013a). Workplace Safety and Health Report, 2013 (Retrieved on 21 September, 2016).

    Google Scholar 

  • WSHC, S. (2013b). Workplace Safety and Health Report, 2013, National Statistics (Retrieved on 21 September, 2016).

    Google Scholar 

  • WSHC, S. (2014). Workplace Safety and Health Report 2014. (Retrieved on 21 September, 2016)

    Google Scholar 

  • Wu, W., Yang, H., Li, Q., and Chew, D. (2013). “An integrated information management model for proactive prevention of struck-by-falling-object accidents on construction sites.” Automation in Construction, Vol. 34, pp. 67–74, DOI: 10.1016/j.autcon.2012.10.010.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Yi, W. and Chan, A. P. (2013). “Optimizing work–rest schedule for construction rebar workers in hot and humid environment.” Building and Environment, Vol. 61, pp. 104–113, DOI: 10.1016/j.buildenv. 2012.12.012.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Yi, W. and Chan, A. P. C. (2015a). “Effects of temperature on mortality in Hong Kong: A time series analysis.” International Journal of Biometeorology, Vol. 59, No. 7, pp. 927–936, DOI: 10.1007/s00484-014-0895-4.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Yi, W. and Chan, A. P. C. (2015b). “Optimal work pattern for construction workers in Hot Weather: A case study in Hong Kong.” Journal of Computing in Civil Engineering, Vol. 29, No. 5, pp. 0000419, DOI: 10.1061/(ASCE)CP.1943-5487.0000419.

    Article  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  • Zhang, R. P., Lingard, H., and Nevin, S. (2015). “Development and validation of a multilevel safety climate measurement tool in the construction industry.” Construction Management and Economics, Vol. 33, Issue 10, pp. 818–839, DOI: 10.1080/01446193.2015. 1108451.

    Google Scholar 

  • Zhao, X., Hwang, B. G., and Yu, G. S. (2013). “Identifying the critical risks in underground rail international construction joint ventures: Case study of Singapore.” International Journal of Project Management, Vol. 31, No. 4, pp. 554–566, DOI: 10.1016/j.ijproman.2012.10.014.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Zhou, W., Whyte, J., and Sacks, R. (2012). “Construction safety and digital design: A review.” Automation in Construction, Vol. 22, pp. 102–111, DOI: 10.1016/j.autcon.2011.07.005.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Zhou, Z., Goh, Y. M., and Li, Q. (2015). “Overview and analysis of safety management studies in the construction industry.” Safety Science, Vol. 72, pp. 337–350, DOI: 10.1016/j.ssci.2014.10.006.

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Ming Shan.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Hwang, BG., Shan, M. & Phuah, S.L. Safety in green building construction projects in Singapore: Performance, critical issues, and improvement solutions. KSCE J Civ Eng 22, 447–458 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12205-017-1961-3

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Revised:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12205-017-1961-3

Keywords

Navigation