Abstract
In concrete bridge widening projects, it is a common practice to provide a monolithic connection between the existing and new decks by casting an in situ concrete stitching slab. As a result, the differential foundation settlement between the two decks has a considerable effect on the concrete stitching slab and the widened bridge. The widened bridge noted as multi-girder bridge is a simple-supported, precast, voided-slab bridge, located on the Beijing–Shanghai Expressway in east of China. When using a grillage Finite Element Model (FEM) to model the mechanical behavior of the multi-girder bridge after it has been widened, the general approach to account for the effect of differential foundation settlement is to load a calculated forced vertical displacement to the bearing of each precast slab of the new bridge. However, there is no suitable mathematical model to be used for calculating the forced displacement for all new slab beams, which requires the ability to describe the transverse distribution mode of these forced displacement under a given differential foundation settlement. Under this background, an experimental study and finite element analysis are conducted to find this suitable mathematical model in this paper. Based on a comprehensive research results, a quadratic curve model was considered to be a suitable mathematical model to meet the design need of such type of widened multi-girder bridge, and its quadratic equation was also derived in the paper. This finding is the key assumption for accurately analyzing the mechanical behavior of a widened multi-girder bridge, with a grillage finite element model.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Arnold, D. J. (1980). Concrete bridge decks: Does structural vibration plus excess water form the fracture plane, Michigan Department of Transportation, USA.
ACI Committee 345 (1998). Guide for widening highway bridges, Manual of concrete practice, American Concrete Institute, Michigan, USA.
Deaver, R. W. (1982). March 1982 Bridge Widening Study, Final Report, GDOT Research Project No. 7604, FHWA/GA-82/008, Georgia Department of Transportation.
Dauner, H. G., Schibli, H., and Stucki, D. (2000). “The widening of the Aare bridges at Ruppoldingen.” Structural Engineering International, Vol. 10, No.1, pp. 26–27(2), DOI: 10.2749/222137900796314004.
Furr, H. L. and Ingram, L. (1972). Concrete overlays for bridge deck repair. Highway Research Record 400, Washington (DC, USA): Highway Research Board, National Academy of Sciences, pp. 93–104.
Furr, H. L. and Fouad, F. H. (1981). Bridge Slab Concrete Placed Adjacent to Moving Loads, Research Report No. 266-1F, Study21-5-79-266, Texas Transportation Institute, State Department of Highways and Public Transportation, College Station.
Fu, J. J. (2010). Research on the mechanical performance of prestressed concrete precast wide voided slab bridge after widening, M.S. Thesis, Southeast University, Nanjing, China.
Hoseini, M. (1997). Integral widening of reinforced concrete underbridge, PhD Thesis, University of Wales Cardiff.
Bridge Advice Note82/00 (2000). Formation of Continuity Joints in Bridge Decks. Highways Agency, Scottish Executive Development Department, National Assembly for Wales and Department for Regional Development, London, Edinburgh, Cardiff and Belfast, UK.
Harsh, S. and Darwin, D. (1983). Effects of Traffic-Induced Vibrations on Bridge Deck Repairs, Project No. P-0255, Kansas Department of Transportation.
Hoseini, M. and Jefferson, A. D. (1998), “Time-dependent behavior of widened reinforced concrete under-bridge,” Material and Structures, Vol. 31, pp. 714–719, DOI: 10.1007/BF02480449.
Huber, H., Schwartz, J. L., and Frey, R. P. (2000). “Rehabilitation of the devil’s bridge over Schöllenen Gorge, IABSE Congress Report.” 16th Congress of IABSE, Lucerne, pp. 1374–1381, DOI: 10.2749/222137900796313951.
Hao, F. J. and Wu, D. K. (2011). “Research on the effect of foundation settlement on the continuous hollow-core slab beam broadening.” Journal of Henan College of Urban Construction, Vol. 20, No. 5, pp. 11–17, DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-7046.2011.05.003.
Jia, F. (2013). Research on longitudinal joint structure and widening completion time of prestressed concrete wide voided slab beam bridges widening project, M.S. thesis, Southeast University, Nanjing, China.
Jefferson, A. D. and Hosseini, M. (1995). Design problem in RC bridge widening, Modification of Concrete Bridges CBDG Seminar, London.
Kwan, A. K. H. and Ng, P. L. (2006). “Reducing damage to concrete stitches in bridge deck, Bridge Engineering.” Proceedings of the institution of Civil Engineers, Vol. 159, No. 2, pp. 53–62, DOI: 10.1680 /bren.2006.159.2.53.
Liu, D. (2009). Research on the mechanism of foundation settlement of bored piles and its control measures, M.S. thesis, Southeast University, Nanjing, China.
Ng P. L. and Kwan A. K. H. (2004). “Structural failure of concrete stitch in bridge widening and its mitigation.” Proceedings of the International Conference on Structural and Foundation Failures, Singapore, pp. 113–122.
Olesen J. F. (1995). “The concrete weld: monolithic slabs from precast elements.” Structural Engineering International, Vol. 5, No. 4, pp. 230, DOI: 10.2749/101686695780600863.
Roads and Traffic Authority (1992). Guidelines for the assessment of existing bridges for widening, Australia: Technical Services Directorate, Roads and Traffic Authority.
Transportation Research Board (1981). Effects of Traffic-Induced Vibrations on Bridge Deck Repairs, NCHRP Synthesis of Highway Practice No. 86, Washington, D. C.
Wang, X. J. (2006). “Analysis of widening bridge superstructures under the foundation settlement.” Journal of China Harbor Engineering, Vol. 10, No. 6, pp. 11–13, DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1003-3688.2006.06.004.
Wu, W. Q., Ye, J. S., Ju J. Y., and Hua, B. (2007). “The expressway bridge widening plan: State-of-the-art.” Journal of China & Foreign Highway, Vol. 27, No. 6, pp. 100–104, DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1671-2579.2007.06.028.
Wen, Q. J. (2011). “Long-term effect analysis of prestressed concrete box-girder bridge widening.” Construction and Building Materials, Vol. 25, No. 4, pp. 1580–1586, DOI: 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2010.09.041
Wen, Q. J., Ye, J. S., Wu, W. Q., and Ju, J. Y. (2006). “Research on control method of foundation differential settlement of old and new T-beam bridge.” Proceeding in Bridges and Structural Engineering Branch of China Highway Society, 2006 National Conference on Bridges, Beijing, China, pp. 850–855.
Wu, W. Q., Xie Q. H., and Chen, S. (2011). “Feasibility research on lateral widening of voided slab bridge between RC structure and prestressed structures.” The 11th International Conference of Chinese Transportation, Nanjing, China, pp. 3038–3047, DOI: 10.1061/41186(421)302.
Zhai, E. and Lawson, S. (2009). “Geotechnical design of a bridge widening project in a highly active seismic region of southern California.” Proceeding of Recent Advancement in Soil Behavior, in Situ Test Methods, Pile Foundations, and Tunneling, GeoHunan International Conference 2009, Changsha, China, DOI: 10.1061/41044(351)28.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Wu, W., Shan, H., Yang, S. et al. Key Assumption to Evaluate the Mechanical Performance of Widened Voided-slab Bridge Due to Foundation Settlement. KSCE J Civ Eng 22, 1225–1234 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12205-017-1382-3
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12205-017-1382-3