Abstract
A rare uplifting earth and rockfill dam case is introduced. The preliminary analysis on the formation mechanism indicates the uplift of dam body is very likely influenced by water swelling minerals in bedrock. In order to verify the swelling feature of the bedrock, a back analysis on dam surface displacement through Genetic Algorithm (GA) is carried out. Considering the discovered distribution characteristics of the bedrock expansibility, an advanced Sorting Genetic Algorithm (SGA) is proposed by adding a bubble sort procedure to maintain the relations between back analyzed parameters. The Finite Element Method (FEM) is embedded in SGA process as a single displacement calculating module. And two back analysis methods, fixed expansion distribution simulation and free GA simulation, are applied to simulate the uplift displacement of the dam body. The displacement prediction in verification dam section by adopting back analyzed parameters is later carried out to verify this method. The results demonstrate that the back analyzed vertical displacement (uplift) through both methods are in good agreement with the observed ones which verifies the reliability of the proposed method and the existence of swelling bedrock.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Holland, J. H. (1992). Adaptation in natural and artificial systems: an introductory analysis with applications to biology, control and artificial intelligence, 2nd ed. Cambridge: MIT Press.
Hwang, S. I., Son, J. H., and Lee, S. H. (2014). “Development of scheduling model for earth work using genetic algorithm.” KSCE Journal of Civil Engineering, KSCE, Vol. 18, No. 6, 1618–1624, DOI: 10.1007/s12205-014-0398-1.
Jang, H. S. (2004). “Genetic algorithm for construction space management.” KSCE Journal of Civil Engineering, KSCE, Vol. 8, No. 4, 365–369, DOI: 10.1007/BF02829160.
Lee, D. H., Chen, P. Y., Wu, J. H., Chen, H. L., and Yang, Y. E. (2013). “Method of mitigating the surface erosion of a high-gradient mudstone slope in southwest Taiwan.” Bull Eng Geol Environ, Vol. 72, Nos. 3–4, pp. 533–545, DOI: 10.1007/s10064-013-0518-z.
Lee, S. W., Jin, Y. M., Woo, S. K., and Shin, D. H. (2013). “Approximate cost estimating model of eco-type trade for river facility construction using case-based reasoning and genetic algorithms.” KSCE Journal of Civil Engineering, KSCE, Vol. 17, No. 2, 292–300, DOI: 10.1007/s12205-013-1638-5.
Lee, J., Kim, J., and Park, B. (2011). “A genetic algorithm-based procedure for determining optimal time-of-day break points for coordinated actuated traffic signal systems.” KSCE Journal of Civil Engineering, KSCE, Vol. 15, No. 1, 197–203, DOI: 10.1007/s12205-011-1093-0.
Li, C. C., Liu, J. C., Lin, C. H., and Lo, W. (2016). “On the accelerated convergence of Genetic Algorithm using GPU parallel operations.” Springer International Publishing, Vol. 3, No. 4, 1–17, DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-23509-7_1.
Li, Q., Shi, W., and Yang, R. (2016). “Deformation mechanisms in a coal mine roadway in extremely swelling soft rock.” SpringerPlus, Vol. 5, No. 1, 1310–1322, DOI: 10.1186/s40064-016-2942-6.
Miller, S. T., Hogle, J. M., and Filman, D. J. (1996). “A Genetic Algorithm for the Ab initio phasing of icosahedral viruses.” Acta Cryst. D, Vol. 52, No. 2, 235–251, DOI: 10.1107/S0907444995011620.
Park, S. W., Park, H. M., and Hwang, J. J. (2010). “Application of Genetic Algorithm and Finite Element Method for backcalculating layer moduli of flexible pavements.” KSCE Journal of Civil Engineering, KSCE, Vol. 14, No. 2, 183–190, DOI: 10.1007/s12205-010-0183-8.
Szulc, K. and Zochowski, A. (2015). “Application of topological derivative to accelerate genetic algorithm in shape optimization of coupled models.” Structural and Multidisciplinary Optimization, Vol. 51, No. 1, 183–192, DOI: 10.1007/s00158-014-1126-7.
Wang, L. S., Jin, D. L., and Luo, S. D. (2007). “Formation mechanism and trend analysis of lifting of valley and dam in Jiangya hydraulic project.” Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering, Vol. 26, No. 6, 1107–1115, DOI: 10.3321/j.issn:1000-6915.2007.06.002.
Yassami, M. and Ashtari, P. (2015). “Using fuzzy genetic, Artificial Bee Colony (ABC) and simple genetic algorithm for the stiffness optimization of steel frames with semi-rigid connections.” KSCE Journal of Civil Engineering, KSCE, Vol. 19, No. 5, 1366–1374, DOI: 10.1007/s12205-014-0517-z.
“SL 282–2003 (2003). Design specification for concrete arch dams.” Beijing, China Water Power Press.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Cai, Q., Sheng, J. & Li, Z. An Advanced Genetic Algorithm Applied to a Rare Uplifting Earth and Rockfill Dam. KSCE J Civ Eng 22, 4862–4871 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12205-017-1126-4
Received:
Revised:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12205-017-1126-4