Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

IFC-CityGML LOD mapping automation using multiprocessing-based screen-buffer scanning including mapping rule

  • Construction Management
  • Published:
KSCE Journal of Civil Engineering Aims and scope

Abstract

Recently, research has been performed on Geographic Information Systems (GIS) to effectively recycle abundant Building Information Modeling (BIM). However, GIS and BIM use different schemas to describe forms. In particular, GIS defines the Level of Detail (LOD) in schema to quickly visualize numerous city-level objects. Because of schema differences, a mapping process is essential to reuse BIM in GIS. The problem is that mapping LOD models requires significant calculation time. This method reduces BIM-GIS mapping operation productivity, making it difficult to reuse BIM. In this research, we enhance mapping work productivity by developing a method that automates LOD geometry mapping using Screen-Buffer scanning-based Multiprocessing (SB-MP) including semantic mapping rule. The proposed method can dramatically improve LOD geometry modeling productivity. Finally, the developed results are evaluated quantitatively.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Beetz, J., van Berlo, L., de Laat, R., van den Helm, P. (2010). “BIMserver. org–An open source IFC model server.” Proc. 27th CIP W78 Conf., Cairo, Egypt.

    Google Scholar 

  • Benner, J., Geiger, A., and Leinemann, K. (2005).“Flexible generation of semantic 3D building models.” Proc. 1st Int. Workshop on Next Generation 3D City Models, Bonn, pp. 17–22.

    Google Scholar 

  • Biljecki, F., Stoter, J., Ledoux, H., Zlatanova, S., and Çöltekin, A. (2015). “Applications of 3D city models: state of the art review.” ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information, Vol. 4, no. 4, pp. 2842–2889.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Borrmann, A. and Jubierre, J. (2013). “A multi-scale tunnel product model providing coherent geometry and semantics.” Proc. ASCE Int. Workshop on Computing in Civil Engineering, Los Angeles, CA,USA.

    Google Scholar 

  • Borrmann, A., Kolbe, T. H., Donaubauer, A., Steuerb, H., and Jubierre, J. R. (2013). “Transferring multi-scale approaches from 3D city modeling to IFC-based tunnel modeling.” ISPRS Annals of Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences, Vol. 1, no. 1, pp. 75–85, DOI: 10.5194/isprsannals-II-2-W1-75-2013.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • buildingSMART (2008). IFC2x Edition 4 alpha version, Available from: http://www.buildingsmart-tech.org/ifc/IFC2x4/alpha/html/index.htm.

  • Chambelland, J.-C. and Gesquière, G. (2012). “Complex virtual urban environment modeling from CityGML data and OGC web services: Application to the SIMFOR project.” Proc. IS&T/SPIE Electronic Imaging, International Society for Optical Engineering, pp. 82901A.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cheng, J., Deng, Y., and Du, Q. (2013).“Mapping between BIM models and 3D GIS city models of different levels of detail.” Int. Conf. Construction Applications of Virtual Reality, London, UK, pp. 502–514.

    Google Scholar 

  • Curtis, E. (2008).“Serving CityGML via web feature services in the OGC web services-phase 4 testbed.” Advances in 3D Geoinformation Systems, Springer, Berlin Heidelberg, pp. 331–340.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • de Laat, R. and van Berlo, L. (2011).“Integration of BIM and GIS: The development of the CityGML GeoBIM extension.” Advances in 3D Geo-information Sciences. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg, pp. 211–225.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Delgado, F. J., Martínez, R., Hurtado, A., and Finat, J. (2010).“Extending functionalities of management systems to CityGML.” Proc. European Conf. Product and Process Modeling, ECPPM, Cork, Ireland, pp. 409–415.

    Google Scholar 

  • Deng, Y., Cheng, J. C., and Anumba, C. (2016).“Mapping between BIM and 3D GIS in different levels of detail using schema mediation and instance comparison.” Automation in Construction, Vol. 67, pp. 1–21.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Döllner, J. and Hagedorn, B. (2007). Integrating urban GIS, CAD, and BIM data by service based virtual 3D city models, In Coors, V., Rumor, M., Fendel, E., and Zlatanova, S. (Eds.), Urban and Regional Data Management: UDMS Annual 2007, Taylor and Francis Ltd., Stuttgart, Germany, pp. 157–160.

  • Domínguez, B., García, Á. L., and Feito, F. R. (2011). “Semantic and topological representation of building indoors: An overview.” CNKI Proc., Int. Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing (ISPRS).

    Google Scholar 

  • Donkers, S. (2013). Automatic Generation of CityGML LoD3 Building Models from IFC Models, Dissertation (PhD). Delft University of Technology.

  • Donkers, S., Ledoux, H., Zhao, J., and Stoter, J. (2015). Automatic conversion of IFC datasets to geometrically and semantically correct CityGML LOD3 buildings, Transactions in GIS.

  • El-Mekawy, M. (2010). Integrating BIM and GIS for 3D city modelling.

    Google Scholar 

  • El-Mekawy, M., Östman, A., and Hijazi, I. (2012). “A unified building model for 3D urban GIS.” ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information, Vol. 1, no. 2, pp. 120–145, DOI: 10.3390/ijgi1020120.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • El-Mekawy, M., Östman, A., and Shahzad, K. (2011).“Towards interoperating CityGML and IFC building models: A unified model based approach.” Advances in 3D Geo-information Sciences, Springer, Berlin Heidelberg, pp. 73–93.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Foley, J. D. (1990). Computer Graphics: Principles and Practice, Addison-Wesley.

  • Gamma, E., Helm, R., Johnson, R., and Vlissides, J. (1994). Design Patterns: Elements of Reusable Object-oriented Software, Pearson Education.

  • Gröger, G. and Plümer. L. (2012). “CityGML–interoperable semantic 3D city models.” ISPRS Journal of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing, Vol. 71, pp. 12–33, DOI: 10.1016/j.isprsjprs.2012.04.004.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hagedorn, B., Trapp, M., Glander, T., and Döllner, J. (2009). Towards an indoor level-of-detail model for route visualization, 10th Int. Conf. Mobile Data Management: Systems, Services and Middleware, 2009. IEEE, Taipei, pp. 692–697.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hijazi, I., Ehlers, M., Zlatanova, S., Becker, T., and van Berlo, L. (2011). Initial investigations for modeling interior utilities within 3D geo context: Transforming IFC-interior utility to CityGML/Utility Network ADE, In Kolbe, T.H., König, G., and Nagel, C. (Eds.), Advances in 3D Geo-information Sciences, Springer, Berlin Heidelberg, pp. 95–113.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Isikdag, U. and Zlatanova, S. (2009). Towards defining a framework for automatic generation of buildings in CityGML using Building Information Models, 3D Geo-information Sciences, Springer, Berlin Heidelberg, pp. 79–96.

    Google Scholar 

  • Jie, H., Tingyan, X., Xiaoping, R., Zhi, H., and Guang, Z. (2012).“LOD methods of large-scale urban building models by GPU accelerating.” 2nd Int. Conf. Computer Science and Network Technology (ICCSNT), 2012, IEEE, pp. 853–858.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kang, T. W. and Hong, C. H. (2013).“The architecture development for the interoperability between BIM and GIS.” Int. Conf. Construction Applications of Virtual Reality, pp. 480–491.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kang, T. W. and Hong, C. H. (2014).“Development of lightweight BIM shape format structure to represent large volume geometry objects using GIS with facility management.” Proc. 31st ISARC, Sydney, Australia, pp. 185–193.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kolbe, T. H. (2006). CityGML–Background and Design. IKG–Institut für Kartographie und Geoinformation Universität Bonn, Bonn.

  • Kolbe, T. H. (2007a). “CityGML tutorial.” Presentation in the 1st Joint Workshop on the Sino-Germany Bundle Project: Interoperation of 3D Urban Geoinformation, Urumqi, China.

  • Kolbe, T. H. (2007b). 3D geospatial information modelling with CityGML, Presentation for the OGC.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kolbe, T. H., Gröger, G., and Plümer, L. (2005).“CityGML: Interoperable access to 3D city models.” Geo-information for Disaster Management, Springer, Berlin Heidelberg, pp. 883–899.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Kuhn, B., Petersen, P., and O’Toole, E. (2000). OpenMP versus Threading in C/C+. Concurrency: Practice and Experience, Vol. 12, pp. 1165–1176, DOI: 10.1002/1096-9128(200010)12:12%3C1165::AID-CPE529% 3E3.0.CO;2-L.

  • Open Geospatial Consortium (2007). Candidate OpenGIS® CityGML Implementation Specification, City Geography Markup Language.

  • Open Geospatial Consortium (2012). CityGMLUML Diagrams, Contained in: CityGML Encoding Standard Version 2.0, OGC Doc. No. 12-019.

  • Stoter, J., van den Brink, L., Vosselman, G., Goos, J., Zlatanova, S., Verbree, E., Klooster, R., van Berlo, L., Vestjens, G., Reuvers, M., and Thorn, S. (2011a).“A generic approach for 3D SDI in the Netherlands.” Proc. Joint ISPRS Workshop on 3D City Modelling & Applications and the 6th 3D GeoInfo Conf., Wuhan, China, pp. 327–348.

    Google Scholar 

  • Stoter, J., Vosselman, G., Goos, J., Zlatanova, S., Verbree, E., Klooster, R., and Reuvers, M. (2011b). “Towards a national 3D spatial data infrastructure: Case of the Netherlands.” Photogrammetrie-Fernerkundung-Geoinformation, Vol. 6, pp. 405–420, DOI: 10.1127/1432-8364/2011/0094.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Thompson, E. M., Horne, M., Lockley, S., and Cerny, M. (2011). “Towards an information rich 3D city model: Virtual NewcastleGateshead GIS integration.” Proc. 12th Int. Conf. Computers in Urban Planning and Urban Management, Alberta, Canada.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wu, C., Zarrinmehr, S., Rahmani Asl, M., Miranda, V., and Clayton, M. J. (2014). An Attempt to Automate the Creation of Building Information Model and Physical Model from GIS Data, 18th GIS/CAMA Technologies Conference, Jacksonville, Florida.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wu, W., Yang, X., and Fan, Q. (2014). “GIS-BIM based virtual facility energy assessment (VFEA)—Framework development and use case of California State University, Fresno.” Computing in Civil and Building Engineering, No. 2014, pp. 339–346, DOI: 10.1061/9780784413616.043.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Zhang, X.-Y., Hu, Z.-Z., Wang, H.-W., and Kassem, M. (2014). “An Industry Foundation Classes (IFC) web-based approach and platform for bi-directional conversion of structural analysis models.” Computing in Civil and Building Engineering, No. 2014, pp. 390–397, DOI: 10.1061/9780784413616.049.

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Korea Institute of Civil Engineering and Building Technology, ICT Convergence Lab, Goyang, Korea

    Tae Wook Kang

  2. Korea Institute Construction Technology, ICT Convergence Lab, Goyang, Korea

    Chang Hee Hong

Authors
  1. Tae Wook Kang
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Chang Hee Hong
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Tae Wook Kang.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Kang, T.W., Hong, C.H. IFC-CityGML LOD mapping automation using multiprocessing-based screen-buffer scanning including mapping rule. KSCE J Civ Eng 22, 373–383 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12205-017-0595-9

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Revised:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12205-017-0595-9

Keywords

Search

Navigation