Abstract
In Malaysia, concerns about the depletion of granite aggregates in the future and the availability of laterite aggregates locally have incentivized researchers to integrate laterite aggregate into the production of concrete. Studies found that the use of 20 to 30% of laterite aggregates, as partial replacement for coarse aggregates, results in concrete with the targeted strength. However, the effect of laterite aggregate content on the durability performance of this concrete is unknown. As such, the acid resistance and water absorption of concrete consisting of various percentages of laterite aggregates, integrated as partial replacement of coarse aggregates, are presented and discussed. Mixes consisting of varying amounts (0–50%) of laterite aggregates were prepared in the form of cubes (150 × 150 × 150 mm). After water curing for 28 days, the specimens were tested for the determination of compressive strength and durability against acid attack and water absorption. It was found that concrete with low water absorption can be produced through the integration of 50% of laterite aggregates. Similarly, the integration of laterite aggregates of up to 20% produces concrete that exhibits good durability against acid attack, chloride ion penetration, and water absorption.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Adepegba, D. (1975). “A comparative study of normal concrete with concrete which contained laterite instead of sand.” Building Science, Vol. 10, No. 2, pp. 135–141, DOI: 10.1016/0007-3628(75)90029-8.
ASTM Standard C 1202-05 (2005). Standard test method for electrical indication of concrete’s ability to resist chloride ion penetration, ASTM Internationals, West Conshohocken, PA.
ASTM Standard C 150-05 (2005). Standard specification for Portland cement, ASTM Internationals, West Conshohocken, PA.
ASTM Standard C 494-05 (2005). Standard specification for chemical Admixtures for concrete, ASTM Internationals, West Conshohocken, PA.
Awal, A. S. M. (1998). A Study of Strength and Durability Performances of Concrete Containing Palm Oil Fuel Ash, Doctor Philosophy. Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Skudai.
Basheer, L., Kropp, J., and Cleland, D. J. (2001). “Assessment of the durability of concrete from its permeation properties: A review.” Construction and Building Materials., Vol. 15, No. 2–3, pp. 93–103, DOI: 10.1016/S0950-0618(00)00058-1.
Bolin, B. (1981). Carbon cycle modelling, John Wiley and Sons, USA
British Standard Institute (2008). Aggregates for concrete, BS EN 12620.
British Standards Institution (1989). Method for determination of particle shape, London, BS 812: Part 105.
British Standards Institution (1990). Method for determination of ten percent fines value, London, BS 812: Part 111.
British Standards Institution. (2008). Method for determination of water absorption, London, BS 1881: Part 122, 1983.
BS EN 12390-3 (2009). Testing hardened concrete, Compressive Strength of Test Specimens. London, BS EN 12390-3.
Caldeira, P. C. (1999). “The use of laterite in Portland cement concrete.” Proc. of the International Conference, pp. 77–84.
Chappell, B. W. (1996). “Magma mixing and the production of compositional variation within granite suites: Evidence from the granites of Southeastern Australia.” Journal of Petrology, Vol. 97, No. 3, pp. 449–470, DOI: 10.1093/petrology/37.3.449.
Department of Environment (1992). Normal concrete mix design, British Technical Road Note. London: 4.
Ettu, L. O., Arimanwa, J. I., Njoku, F. C., Amanze, A. P. C., and Eziefula, U. G. (2013). “Strength of blended cement sandcrete & soilcrete blocks containing sawdust ash and pawpaw leaf ash.” International Journal of Engineering Inventions (IJEI), Vol. 2, No. 8, pp. 35–40, DOI: 10.1057/jba.2009.8.
Fola, L., Osunade, J. A., and Adewale, A. O. (1990). “Short-term studies on the durability of laterized concrete and laterite-cement mortars.” Building and Environment, Vol. 25, No. 1, pp. 77–83, DOI: 10.1016/0360-1323(90)90044-R.
Ghaffar, A., Siddiqi, Z. A., and Ahmed, K. (2011). “Role of aggregates in production of ultra high strength concrete.” Pakistan Journal of Science, Vol. 63, No. 3, pp. 164–175.
Goyal, S., Kumar, M., Sidhu, D. S., and Bhattacharjee, B. (2009). “Resistance of mineral admixture concrete to acid attack.” Journal of Advanced Concrete Technology, Vol. 7, No. 2, pp. 273–283, DOI: 10.3151/jact.7.273.
Hainin, M. R., Yusoff, N. I. M., Sabri, M. F. M., Aziz, M. A. A., Hameed, M. A. S., and Reshi, W. F. (2012). “Steel slag as an aggregate replacement in Malaysian hot mix asphalt.” International Scholarly Research Network, pp. 1–5, DOI: 10.5402/2012/459016.
Kasthurba, A. K., Santhanam, M., and Mathew, M. S. (2007). “Investigation of laterite stones for building purpose from Malabar region, Kerala state, SW India — Part 1: Field studies and prole characterisation.” Construction and Building Materials, Vol. 21, No. 1, pp. 73–82, DOI: 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2005.07.006.
Limbachiya, M., Meddah, M. S., and Ouchagour, Y. (2012). “Use of recycled concrete aggregate in fly ash concrete.” Construction and Building Materials, Vol. 27, No. 1, pp. 439–449, DOI: 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2011.07.023.
Madu, R. M. (1980). “The performance of lateritic stones as concrete aggregates and road chippings.” Materiaux et Constructions, Vol. 13, No. 78, pp. 403–411, DOI: 10.1007/BF02473899.
Malaysian Geoscience and Mineral Department (2011). Aggregate production in Malaysia, Technical Report, Malaysia.
Muthusamy, K., and Kamaruzaman, N. W. (2012). “Assessment of Malaysian laterite aggregate in concrete.” International Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Vol. 12, No. 4, pp. 83–86.
Nassar, R. U. D. and Soroushian, P. (2011). “Strength and durability of recycled aggregate concrete containing milled glass as partial replacement for cement.” Construction and Building Materials, Vol. 29, pp. 368–377, DOI: 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2011.10.061.
Neville, A. M. (2005). Properties of concrete, Prentice Hall, London.
Oyekan, G. L. and Balogun, L. A. (1997). “Impact resistance of plain laterized concrete.” 5 th International Conference on Building Envelope System and Technology, University of Bath, United Kingdom, pp. 141–145.
Raju, N. K. and Ramakrishnan, R. (1972). “Properties of laterite aggregate concrete.” Materiaux et. Construction, Vol. 307, No. 1, pp. 307–314. DOI: 10.1007/BF02474873.
Salau, M. A. and Balogun, L. A. (1998). “Shrinkage deformations of laterized concrete.” Building and Environment, Vol. 34, No. 2, pp. 165–173, DOI: 10.1016/S0360-1323(98)00008-0.
Sim, J. and Park, C. (2011). “Compressive strength and resistance to chloride ion penetration and carbonation of recycled aggregate concrete with varying amount of fly ash and fine recycled aggregate.” Waste Management, Vol. 31, No. 11, pp. 2352–2360, DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2011.06.014.
Stanish, K. D., Hooton, R. D., and Thomas, M. D. A. (1997). Prediction of chloride peentration in concrete, Test Procedures, Technical Report, Canada.
Steven, S. Z. (2005). Chemical principles, Houghton Mifflin Company, USA.
Udeoyo, F. F., Iron, U. H., and Odim, O. O. (2006). “Strength performance of laterized concrete.” Construction and Building Materials, Vol. 20, No. 10, pp. 1057–1062, DOI: 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2005.03.002.
Wei, X., Ji, H., Wang, S., Chu, H., and Chang, S. (2014). “The formation of representative lateritic weathering covers in south-central Guangxi (southern China).” Catena, Vol. 118, pp. 55–72. DOI: 10.1016/j.catena.2014.01.019.
West, G. and Dumbleton, M. J. (1970). “The mineralogy of tropical weathering illustrated by some west Malaysian soils.” Quarterly Journal of Engineering Geology, Vol. 3, pp. 25–40, DOI: 10.1144/GSL.QJEG.1970.003.01.02.
Zivica, V. and Bajza, A. (2001). “Acidic attack of cement based materials–a review. Part 1. Principle of acid attack.” Construction and Building Materials, Vol. 15, No. 8, pp. 331–340, DOI: 10.1016/S0950-0618(01)00012-5.
Zulasmin W. I. W. (2007). Towards a sustainable quarry industry in Malaysia, Limestone and Granite Quarry Industry, Technical Report, Malaysia.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Muthusamy, K., Kamaruzaman, N.W., Ismail, M.A. et al. Durability performance of concrete containing laterite aggregates. KSCE J Civ Eng 19, 2217–2224 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12205-015-0279-2
Received:
Revised:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12205-015-0279-2