Abstract
The recent increased interest in the environment has been accompanied by the strengthening of environmental standards associated with water contamination due to dredging and the quality of effluent water exhausted from containment areas. Further, the behavior of suspended solids in the supernatants from containment areas has become an important design criterion. In this study, the current velocity of a supernatant, concentration of suspended solids, and particle size of these solids are measured, with the mutual relationships between these factors investigated to analyze the behavior of suspended solids in the supernatants in a containment area. Such analyses reveal that the current velocity of the supernatants and the concentration of suspended solids are closely related to the particle size of these suspended solids. Measurements are taken, with quantitative relational expressions obtained between the current velocity of the supernatants and the concentration of suspended solids and between the current velocity and the particle size of the suspended solids. The results help predict the concentration of suspended solids in water discharged from a containment area during dredging; thereby, allowing modified containment areas to be designed, with the calculation of a minimum width and size of a weir to prevent the re-suspension of suspended solids.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Baldock, T. E., Tomkins, M. R., Nielsen, P., and Hughes, M. G. (2004). “Settling velocity of sediments at high concentration.” Coastal Engineering, Vol. 51, pp. 91–100.
Baugh, J. V. and Manning, A. J. (2007). “An assessment of a new settling parameterisation for cohesive sediment transport modeling.” Continental Shelf Research, Vol. 27, pp. 1835–1855.
Camp, T. R. (1936). “A study of the rational design of settling tanks.” Sewage Works Journal, Vol. 8, No. 6, pp. 742–758.
Fitch, E. (1962). “Sedimentation process fundamentals.” Transactions, American Institute of Mining Engineers, Vol. 223, pp. 129–137.
Gibson, R. E., Schiffman, R. L., and Cargill, K. W. (1967). “The theory of one-dimensional consolidation of saturated clay É: Finite nonlinear consolidation of thin homogeneous Layers.” Geotechnique Journal, Vol. 17, pp. 261–273.
Guo, L., Zhang, D., Xu, D., and Chen, Y. (2009). “An experimental study of low concentration sludge settling velocity under turbulent condition.” Water Research, Vol. 43, pp. 2383–2390.
Imai, G. (1980). “Settling behavior of clay suspension.” Soil and Foundations, Vol. 20, No. 2, pp. 61–77.
Jee, S. H., Kim, C. K., Jung, H. S., and Chun, B. S. (2010). “Suitability evaluation of containment area design considering suspended solid sedimentation.” Journal of Korean Geo-environmental Society, Vol.11, No.10, pp. 41–48.
Krone, R. B. (1962). Flume studies of the transport of sediment in estuarial process, Final Re-port, Hydraulic Engineering Laboratory and Sanitary Engineering Research Laboratory, Univ. of California, Berkeley, California, USA.
Kynch, G. J. (1952). “A theory of sedimentation.” Transaction Faraday Society, Vol. 48, pp. 166–176.
Lee, S., Yang, T. S., and Hwang, K. H. (1994). “A study on self-weight consolidation characteristics in dredged and reclaimed clay.” Journal of Korean Society of Civil Engineers, Vol. 14, No. 4, pp. 953–963.
Mehta, A. J., Hayter, W. R., Parker, R. B., Krone, R. B., and Teeter, A. M. (1986). “Cohesive sediment transport I: Process description.” Journal of Hydraulic Eng., ASCE, Vol. 115, No. 8, pp. 1076–1093.
Meijer, R. J., Bosboom, J., Cloin, B., and Katopodi, I. (2002). “Gradation effects in sediment transport.” Coastal Engineering, Vol. 47, pp. 179–210.
Mikasa, M. (1963). The consolidation of soft clay — A comparison between two theory and its application, Reprint from Civil Engineering in Japan, JSCE, pp. 21–26.
Nakai, O. (1978). “Turbidity generated by dredging project, management of bottom sediments containing toxic substance.” Proceedings of the third United States-Japan Experts Meeting, EPA-600/3-78-084, pp. 1–47.
Richardson, J. F. and Zaki, W. N. (1954). “Sedimentation and fluidisation: Part 1.” Transaction of the Institution of Chemical Engineers, Vol. 32, No. 1, pp. 35–53.
Tan, T. S., Yong, K. Y., Leong, E. C., and Lee. S. L. (1990). “Sedimentation of clay slurry”, Geotechnical Engineering, Vol. 116, No. 6, pp. 885–898.
US Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) (1987). “Confined disposal of dredged material.” EM1110-2-5027, pp. 40–54.
Vesilind, P. A. (1968). “Design of thickeners from batch tests.” Water and Sewage Works, Vol. 115, No. 7, pp. 302–307.
Yoo, N. J., Lee, J. H., Jeong, G. S., and Park, B. S. (2005). “Centrifuge model experiments and numerical analysis consolidation behavior of dredged and reclaimed ground.” Journal of Korean Society of Civil Engineers, Vol. 25, No. 4, pp. 241–247.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Jee, S.H., Kim, H.K., Jung, K.S. et al. Behavior of suspended solids in supernatant of containment area. KSCE J Civ Eng 18, 67–72 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12205-014-0256-1
Received:
Revised:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12205-014-0256-1