Skip to main content
Log in

Removal of phosphorus and coliforms from secondary effluent using ferrate(VI)

  • Environmental Engineering
  • Published:
KSCE Journal of Civil Engineering Aims and scope

Abstract

The potassium ferrate(VI) was applied to treat secondary wastewater and its performance as both a disinfectant and a coagulant was investigated. In order to compare oxidation potential of the ferrate(VI) with that of chlorine, the different condition of doses and contact times were applied to the experiment for the same coliform. The disinfection rate of ferrate(IV) was faster than that of chlorine at the same concentration. The effect of ferrate(VI) supplementation on coagulation of phosphorus was examined and compared with other common coagulants. Ferrate(VI) reduced more than 80% of total phosphorous in the range of doses between 5. and 25 mg-Fe/L. The removal efficiencies of the ferrate(VI) appeared to be similar to those of alum but higher than other iron coagulants. The removal efficiencies of other contaminants in secondary effluent were not notable.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • APHA, AWWA and WEF (1998). Standard methods for the examination of water and wastewater, 20th Ed., Washington, D.C.

    Google Scholar 

  • Crittenden, J. C., Trussell, R. R., Hand, D. W., Howe, K. J., and Tchobanoglous, G. (2005). Water treatment: Principals and design (Second Ed.), John Wiley, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Delaude, L. and Laszlo, P. (1996). “A novel oxidizing reagent based on potassium ferrate(VI).” J. Org. Chem., Vol. 61, pp. 6360–6370.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Deluca, S. J., Cantelli, M., and Deluca, M. A. (1992). “Ferrate vs. traditional coagulants in the treatment of combined industrialwastes.” Wat. Sci. Tech., Vol. 26, pp. 2077–2080.

    Google Scholar 

  • Jiang, J.Q. (2007). “Research progress in the use of ferrate(VI) for the environmental remediation.” J. of Hazardous Materials, Vol. 146, pp. 617–623.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Jiang, J. Q. and Lloyd, B. (2002). “Progress in the development and use of ferrate(VI) salts as an oxidant and coagulant for water and wastewater treatment.” Wat. Res., Vol. 36, pp. 1397–1408.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Jiang, J. Q., Stanford, C., and Mollazeinal, A. (2012). “The application of ferrate for sewage treatment: Pilot-to full-scale trials.” Global NEST Journal, Vol. 14, No. 1, pp. 93–99.

    Google Scholar 

  • Jiang, J. Q. and Wang, S. (2006). “The exploration of potassium ferrate(VI) as a disinfectant/coagulant in water and wastewater treatment.” Chemosphere, Vol. 63, pp. 212–219.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Jiang, J. Q., Wang, S., and Panagoulopoulos, A. (2007). “The role of potassium ferrate(VI) in the inactivation of Escherichina coli and in the reduction of COD for water remediation.” Desalination, Vol. 210, pp. 266–273.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lee, Y., Zimmermann, S. G., Kieu, A.T., and Gunten, U. V. (2009). “Ferrate (Fe(VI)) application for municipal wastewater treatment: A novel process for simultaneous micropollutant oxidation and phosphate removal.” Environ. Sci. Technol., Vol. 43, No. 10, pp. 3831–3838.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ma, J. and Liu, W. (2002). “Effectiveness and mechanism of potassium ferrate(VI) preoxidation for algae removal by coagulation.” Wat. Res., Vol. 36, pp. 871–878.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ma, J. and Liu, W. (2002). “Effectiveness of ferrate(VI) preoxidation in enhancing the coagulation of surface waters.” Wat. Res., Vol. 36, pp. 4959–5962.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • MOE (Ministry of Environment) (2005). Report on wastewater treatment operation, Sewage Department, Ministry of Environment (in Korean).

    Google Scholar 

  • Murmann, R. K. and Robinson, P. R. (1974). “Experiments utilizing FeO4 2− for purifying water.” Wat. Res., Vol. 8, pp. 549–547.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Schink, T. and Waite, T. D. (1980). “Inactivation of f2 virus with ferrate(VI).” Wat. Res., Vol. 14, pp. 1023–1024.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Stanford, C., Jiang, J. Q., and Alsheyab, M. (2010). “Electrochemical production of ferrate (iron VI): Application to the wastewater treatment on a laboratory scale and comparison with iron (III) coagulant.” Water Air Soil Pollut., Vol. 209, pp. 483–488.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Waite, T. D. (1979). “Feasibility of wastewater treatment with ferrate.” J. Environ. Eng., ASCE, Vol. 105, pp. 1023–1034.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Young Do Kim.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Kwon, J.H., Kim, I.K., Park, K.Y. et al. Removal of phosphorus and coliforms from secondary effluent using ferrate(VI). KSCE J Civ Eng 18, 81–85 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12205-013-0024-7

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12205-013-0024-7

Keywords

Navigation