Abstract
The potassium ferrate(VI) was applied to treat secondary wastewater and its performance as both a disinfectant and a coagulant was investigated. In order to compare oxidation potential of the ferrate(VI) with that of chlorine, the different condition of doses and contact times were applied to the experiment for the same coliform. The disinfection rate of ferrate(IV) was faster than that of chlorine at the same concentration. The effect of ferrate(VI) supplementation on coagulation of phosphorus was examined and compared with other common coagulants. Ferrate(VI) reduced more than 80% of total phosphorous in the range of doses between 5. and 25 mg-Fe/L. The removal efficiencies of the ferrate(VI) appeared to be similar to those of alum but higher than other iron coagulants. The removal efficiencies of other contaminants in secondary effluent were not notable.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
APHA, AWWA and WEF (1998). Standard methods for the examination of water and wastewater, 20th Ed., Washington, D.C.
Crittenden, J. C., Trussell, R. R., Hand, D. W., Howe, K. J., and Tchobanoglous, G. (2005). Water treatment: Principals and design (Second Ed.), John Wiley, New York.
Delaude, L. and Laszlo, P. (1996). “A novel oxidizing reagent based on potassium ferrate(VI).” J. Org. Chem., Vol. 61, pp. 6360–6370.
Deluca, S. J., Cantelli, M., and Deluca, M. A. (1992). “Ferrate vs. traditional coagulants in the treatment of combined industrialwastes.” Wat. Sci. Tech., Vol. 26, pp. 2077–2080.
Jiang, J.Q. (2007). “Research progress in the use of ferrate(VI) for the environmental remediation.” J. of Hazardous Materials, Vol. 146, pp. 617–623.
Jiang, J. Q. and Lloyd, B. (2002). “Progress in the development and use of ferrate(VI) salts as an oxidant and coagulant for water and wastewater treatment.” Wat. Res., Vol. 36, pp. 1397–1408.
Jiang, J. Q., Stanford, C., and Mollazeinal, A. (2012). “The application of ferrate for sewage treatment: Pilot-to full-scale trials.” Global NEST Journal, Vol. 14, No. 1, pp. 93–99.
Jiang, J. Q. and Wang, S. (2006). “The exploration of potassium ferrate(VI) as a disinfectant/coagulant in water and wastewater treatment.” Chemosphere, Vol. 63, pp. 212–219.
Jiang, J. Q., Wang, S., and Panagoulopoulos, A. (2007). “The role of potassium ferrate(VI) in the inactivation of Escherichina coli and in the reduction of COD for water remediation.” Desalination, Vol. 210, pp. 266–273.
Lee, Y., Zimmermann, S. G., Kieu, A.T., and Gunten, U. V. (2009). “Ferrate (Fe(VI)) application for municipal wastewater treatment: A novel process for simultaneous micropollutant oxidation and phosphate removal.” Environ. Sci. Technol., Vol. 43, No. 10, pp. 3831–3838.
Ma, J. and Liu, W. (2002). “Effectiveness and mechanism of potassium ferrate(VI) preoxidation for algae removal by coagulation.” Wat. Res., Vol. 36, pp. 871–878.
Ma, J. and Liu, W. (2002). “Effectiveness of ferrate(VI) preoxidation in enhancing the coagulation of surface waters.” Wat. Res., Vol. 36, pp. 4959–5962.
MOE (Ministry of Environment) (2005). Report on wastewater treatment operation, Sewage Department, Ministry of Environment (in Korean).
Murmann, R. K. and Robinson, P. R. (1974). “Experiments utilizing FeO4 2− for purifying water.” Wat. Res., Vol. 8, pp. 549–547.
Schink, T. and Waite, T. D. (1980). “Inactivation of f2 virus with ferrate(VI).” Wat. Res., Vol. 14, pp. 1023–1024.
Stanford, C., Jiang, J. Q., and Alsheyab, M. (2010). “Electrochemical production of ferrate (iron VI): Application to the wastewater treatment on a laboratory scale and comparison with iron (III) coagulant.” Water Air Soil Pollut., Vol. 209, pp. 483–488.
Waite, T. D. (1979). “Feasibility of wastewater treatment with ferrate.” J. Environ. Eng., ASCE, Vol. 105, pp. 1023–1034.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Kwon, J.H., Kim, I.K., Park, K.Y. et al. Removal of phosphorus and coliforms from secondary effluent using ferrate(VI). KSCE J Civ Eng 18, 81–85 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12205-013-0024-7
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12205-013-0024-7