Abstract
This paper describes the concept of a novel stay cable with a Carbon Fiber Reinforced Plastic (CFRP) and steel composite section. In this concept CFRP core conserves all the advantages of CFRP materials such as light weight and high strength, while steel coat provides protection for the CFRP core and ensures reliable anchorage performance. The steel coat can reduce cost and provide higher stiffness than CFRP materials in some length range. Following this concept, several configurations were proposed for the composite structure. Effects of the key design parameter of the proposed stay cables, namely the ratio of the CFRP section area to the whole section area, were examined through a parametric study using analytical solutions. By doing this, an appropriate range of the ρ value was suggested. Factors that can affect the appropriate range of the ρ value, including the horizontal projected length of stay cables, cable force, and pylon height (i.e., vertically projected length of stay cables), were also studied. Finally, the feasibility of the proposed stay cables was conceptually verified. It was shown that the proposed stay cables could be an excellent alternative to the pure CFRP or traditional steel stay cables.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
AASHTO LRFD Bridge Design Specifications (2004). Association of state highway and transportation officials, Washington, D.C., U.S.A.
Ahmadi-Kashani, K. and Bell, A. J. (1988). “The analysis of cables subject to uniformly distributed loads.” Engineering Structures, Vol. 10, No. 3, pp. 174–184.
American Concrete Institute (ACI) (2004). Prestressing concrete structures with FRP tendons (ACI 440.4R-04), Detroit, U.S.A.
Burtscher, S. L. (2008). “Wedge anchorage for CFRP strips.” Journal of Composites for Construction, Vol. 12, No. 4, pp. 446–453.
Cai, C. S., Wu, W. J., and Shi, X. M. (2006). “Cable vibration reduction with a hung-on TMD system. Part I: Theoretical study.” Journal of Vibration and Control, Vol. 12, No. 7, pp. 801–814.
Colombi, P. and Poggi, C. (2006). “Strengthening of tensile steel members and bolted joints using adhesively bonded CFRP plates.” Construction and Building Materials, Vol. 20, Nos. 1–2, pp. 22–33.
Ernst, H. J. (1965). “Der e-modul von seilen unter beruecksichtigung des durchhanges.” Der Bauingenieur, Vol. 40, No. 2, pp. 52–55.
Freire, A. M. S., Negrao, J. H. O., and Lopes, A. V. (2006). “Geometrical nonlinearities on the static analysis of highly flexible steel cablestayed bridges.” Computers and Structures, Vol. 84, Nos. 31–32, pp. 2128–2140.
Gimsing, N. J. (1997). Cable-supported bridges (2nd Edition), John Wiley & Sons, New York, U.S.A.
Irvine, H. M. (1981). Cable structures, The MIT Press, Cambridge, MA, U.S.A.
Jayaraman, H. B. and Knudson, W. C. (1981). “A curved element for the analysis of cable structures” Computers & Structures, Vol. 14, Nos. 3–4, pp. 325–333.
Lin, Y. P. (2004). Cable-stayed bridge, China Communications Press, Beijing, China.
Matta, F. (2003). Bond between steel and CFRP laminates for rehabilitation of metallic bridges, PhD Thesis, Faculty of Engineering, University of Padua, Padua, Italy.
Mei, K. H. (2005). Study on cable-stayed bridges with CFRP cables, PhD Thesis, Dongnan University, Nanjin, Jiangsu. China.
Meier, U. (1987). “Proposal for a carbon fiber reinforced composite bridge across the strait of Gibraltar at its narrowest site.” Proc. Inst. Mech. Eng., Vol. 201, No. B2, pp. 73–78.
Miao, J. W. (2006). “Study for design theories of super-long span cablestayed bridges.” PhD Thesis, Tongji University, Shanghai, China.
Nagai, M., Fujino, Y., Yamaguchi, H., and Iwasaki, E. (2004). “Feasibility of a 1,400 m span steel cable-stayed bridge.” Journal of Bridge Engineering, Vol. 9, No. 5, pp. 444–452.
O’Brien, T. W. and Francis, A. J. (1964). “Cable movements under two-dimensional loading.” ASCE J. Struct. Engng., Vol. 90, No. ST3, pp. 89–123.
Peyrot, A. H. and Goulois, A. M. (1978). “Analysis of flexible transmission lines.” ASCE J. Struct. Div., Vol. 104, No. 5, pp. 763–779.
Rizkalla, S., Dawood, M., and Schnerch, D. (2008). “Development of a carbon fiber reinforced polymer system for strengthening steel structures.” Composites Part A: Applied Science and Manufacturing, Vol. 39, No. 2, pp. 388–397.
Saadatmanesh, H. and Ehsani, M. R. (1998). “Fiber composites in infrastructure.” In 2 nd International Conference ICCI, 05–07 January 1998, Tucson, Arizona, U.S.A.
Sayed-Ahmed, E. Y. (2002). “Single- and multi-strand steel anchorage systems for CFRP tendons/stays.” Proceedings, Annual Conference — Canadian Society for Civil Engineering, pp. 1381–1390.
Schnerch, D., Stanford, K., Sumner, E. A., and Rizkalla, S. (2004). “Strengthening steel structures and bridges with high modulus carbon fiber reinforced polymers: Resin selection and scaled monopole behavior.” TRB 2004 Annual Meeting-Transportation Research Record, Washington, DC, USA.
Schurter, U. and Meier, B. (1996). “Stork bridge winthertur.” Schweizer Ingenieur und Architekt 44, October 1996, 976–979.
Sen, R., Liby, L., and Mullins, G. (2001). “Strengthening steel bridge sections using CFRP laminates.” Composites Part B: Engineering, Vol. 32, No. 4, pp. 309–322.
Zhao, X. L. (2008). “FRP strengthening of thin-walled structures.” CIMS2008, Fifth International Conference on Coupled Instabilities in Metal Structures, Gregory J Hancock Symposium, June, 2008, Sydney, Australia, pp. 23–25.
Zhao, X. L. and Zhang, L. (2007). “State-of-the-art review on FRP strengthened steel structures.” Engineering Structures, Vol. 29, No. 8, pp. 1808–1823.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Xiong, W., Cai, C.S., Xiao, R. et al. Concept and analysis of stay cables with a CFRP and steel composite section. KSCE J Civ Eng 16, 107–117 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12205-012-1152-1
Received:
Revised:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12205-012-1152-1