Abstract
The effect of pile head fixity on the displacement of laterally loaded pile groups was investigated using analytical methods. The reduction of lateral displacement by a pile cap is generalized using a reduction factor, and the effect of soil and pile properties was investigated through a parametric study using the Davies and Budhu method. It was found that the soil properties have a major influence on the reduction factor, while the pile property influence is relatively minor. These results are presented graphically and show further the decrease in the reduction factor with increasing load level. Based on these results, a design chart for the reduction factor is suggested.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
ACI (2007). Manual of concrete practice, Building Code Requirements for Structural Concrete (ACI 318-05) and Commentary (ACI 318R-5), American Concrete Institute (ACI), Detroit, pp. 99–104.
AISC (2001). Manual of steel construction, Load and Resistance Factor Design, 3rd Edition, American Institute of Steel Construction (AISC), Chicago, pp. 33–35.
Alizadeh, M. and Davisson, M. T. (1970). “Lateral load tests on piles- Arkansas River project.” Journal of the Soil Mechanics and Foundations Division, ASCE, Vol. 96, No. SM5, pp. 1583–1604.
Barber, E. S. (1953). “Discussion of paper by S. M. Gleser.” STP 154, ASTM, Phildelphia, pp. 96–99.
Brown, D. A., Reese,. L. C., and O’Neill, M. W. (1987). “Cyclic lateral loading of a large-scale pile group.” Journal of Geotechnical Engineering, ASCE, Vol. 113, No. 11, pp. 1326–1343.
Budhu, M. and Davies, T. G. (1987). “Nonlinear analysis of laterally loaded piles in cohesionless soils.” Canadian Geotechnical Journal, Vol. 24, No. 2, pp. 289–296.
Budhu, M. and Davies, T. G. (1988). “Analysis of laterally loaded piles in soft clays.” Journal of Geotechnical Engineering, ASCE, Vol. 114, No. 1, pp. 21–39.
Comodromos, E. M. and Pitilakis, K. D. (2005). “Response evaluation for horizontally loaded fixed-head pile groups using 3-D non-linear analysis.” International Journal for Numerical and Analytical Methods in Geomechanics, Vol. 29, No. 6, pp. 597–625.
D’Appolonia, D. J., Poulos, H. G., and Ladd, C. C. (1971). “Initial settlement of structures on clay.” Journal of the Soil Mechanics and Foundations Division, ASCE, Vol. 97, No. 10, pp. 1259–1376.
Davies, T. G. and Budhu, M. (1986). “Non-linear analysis of laterally loaded piles in heavily overconsolidated clays.” Geotechnique, Vol. 36, No. 4, pp. 527–538.
Davisson, M. T. and Salley, J. R. (1970). “Model study of laterally loaded piles.” Journal of the Soil Mechanics and Foundations Division, ASCE, Vol. 96, No. SM5, pp. 1605–1627.
Feagin, L. B. (1953). “Lateral load tests on groups of vertical and battered piles.” Symposium on Lateral Load Tests on Piles, STP 153, ASTM, Philadelphia, pp. 12–20.
Foster Piling (2008). “Piling Products.” http://www.lbfoster.com/content.aspx?id=1592.
Franke, E. (1988). “Group action between vertical piles under horizontal loads.” Deep Foundatons on Bored and Auger Piles, Rotterdam, pp. 83–93.
Gandhi, S. R. and Selvam, S. (1997). “Group effect on driven piles under lateral load.” Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering, ASCE, Vol. 123, No. 8, pp. 702–709.
Hetenyi, M. (1946). Beams on Elastic Foundations, University of Michigan Press, Ann Arbor, MI.
Huang, A. B., Hsueh, C. K., O’Neill, M. W., Chern, S., and Chen, C. (2001). “Effects of construction on laterally loaded pile groups.” Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering, ASCE, Vol. 127, No. 5, pp. 702–709.
Kim, B. T. and Kim, Y. S. (2001). “Fundamental study on the behavior of laterally loaded model pile with varying water content in sand.” Journal of the Korean Geotechnical Society, Vol. 17, No. 4, pp. 27–37.
Kulhawy, F. H. and Mayne, P. W. (1990). “Manual on estimating soil properties for foundation design.” Report EL-6800, Electric Power Research Institute, Palo Alto, CA.
Mansur, C. I. and Hunter, A. H. (1970). “Pile tests-Arkansas River project.” Journal of the Soil Mechanics and Foundations Division, ASCE, Vol. 96, No. SM5, pp. 1545–1582.
McVay, M. C., Zhang, L., Han, S., and Lai, P. (2000). “Experimental and numerical study of laterally loaded pile groups with pile caps at variable elevations.” Paper No. 00-1409, Research Record 1736, Transportation Research Board, Washington, DC, pp. 12–18.
Poulos, H. G. and Davis, E. H. (1990). Pile foundation analysis and design, Wiley, New York, pp. 163–232.
Randolph, M. F. (1981). “The response of flexible piles to lateral loading.” Geotechnique, Vol. 31, No. 2, pp. 247–259.
Wakai, A., Gose, S., and Ugai, K. (1999). “3-D elasto-plastic finite element analyses of pile foundations subjected to lateral loading.” Soils and Foundations, Vol. 39, No. 1, pp. 97–111.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Won, J., Kulhawy, F.H. Reduction of pile head displacement for restrained-head single pile. KSCE J Civ Eng 13, 143–152 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12205-009-0143-3
Received:
Revised:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12205-009-0143-3