Endotracheal Intubation Method Based on End-Tidal Carbon Dioxide Perception

Abstract

Endotracheal intubation has broad application prospects in the biomedical field. At present, visual intubation tools are mainly used to judge the catheter position. However, when patients suffer from pains in the neck, throat, and trachea and other diseases or other conditions, if the exposure of the glottic area is not ideal, there are difficult airways. For difficult airways, this visual intubation tool has great limitations. Studying the new guidance method of endotracheal intubation and providing a reference or solution for difficult airway intubation is a crucial problem in the biomedical clinical field. In this paper, an endotracheal intubation method is proposed based on end-tidal carbon dioxide (ETCO₂) perception. The simulation model verifies the feasibility of this method for endotracheal intubation guidance. Then, four micro-cavity tubes are used as a gas collection tube, and a set of endotracheal tube guidance systems based on ETCO₂ perception is designed and developed to collect and process the CO₂ concentration information in the pharyngeal cavity. The experimental results show that this guidance system can be used for intubation guidance in the simulated pharyngeal cavity without vision.

摘要

气管插管在生物医学领域有着广阔的应用前景。目前主要采用目视插管工具判断导管位置。但是, 当患者患有颈、喉、气管疼痛等疾病或其他病症时, 如果声门区暴露不理想, 就会出现气道 困难。对于困难的气道, 这种目视插管工具有很大的局限性。研究新的气管插管引导方法, 为困难气道插管提供参考或解决方案, 是生物医学临床领域的关键问题。本文提出了一种基于呼气末二氧 化碳(ETCO₂)感知的气管插管方法。仿真模型验证了该方法用于气管插管引导的可行性。然后, 采用4根微腔管作为气体收集管, 设计开发了一套基于ETCO₂感知的气管内导管引导系统, 对咽腔 内CO₂浓度信息进行采集和处理。实验结果表明, 该导引系统可用于模拟无视觉咽腔插管导引。