Abstract
The energy management may perform well under normal conditions, but may lead to poor behavior under abnormal situations. To tackle this problem, an optimal control strategy called rule-based equivalent fuel consumption minimization strategy (RECMS) is developed for a new complex hybrid electric vehicle (CHEV). It optimizes the energy efficiency and drive performance to cater for normal and power-loss operations of the tractive motor. Firstly, the strategy formulates a novel objective function based on the equivalent fuel concept. By accounting for the actual fuel cost, the equivalent fuel cost for the electric machines and virtual fuel cost for the drivability, the cost function is obtained. Furthermore, some penalty factors are presented to optimize the performance target. Finally, experiments for a practical CHEV are performed to validate a simulation model. Then simulations are carried out for both rule-based and RECMS. The results show that the optimal energy management is working well.
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Abbreviations
- E tot,dis :
-
Total discharging energy of the battery, J
- i b :
-
Battery current, A
- m bs :
-
Brake-specific fuel consumption, g/(kW· h)
- m T :
-
Total fuel, g
- m tot,vfuel :
-
Total virtual fuel for E tot,dis, g
- .m :
-
Fuel mass in unit time, g/s
- -m :
-
bs-Mean brake-specific fuel consumption, g/(kW·h)
- P :
-
Power, kW
- P load :
-
Load power before the final drive and after the AMT, kW
- P ool :
-
Optimal operation power of engine, kW
- Q LHV :
-
Lower heating value of the fuel, 43 kJ/g
- R b :
-
Battery resistance, Ω
- SoCH, SoCL :
-
Upper and Lower bond of battery SoC
- T :
-
Torque, N·m
- uoc :
-
Open circuit voltage of the battery, V
- v :
-
Vehicle speed, km/h
- v error :
-
Vehicle speed error, km/h
- ΔE chg :
-
Energy added to the battery during Δt, J
- Δm vfuel :
-
Virtual fuel for ΔE chg, g
- Δt :
-
Time interval, s
- η :
-
Efficiency
- η bc, η bd :
-
Battery charge, discharge efficiency
- \( \bar \eta e \) :
-
Mean fuel conversion efficiency of the engine
- ω :
-
Speed, r/min
- b:
-
Battery
- e:
-
Engine
- m1:
-
ISG
- m2:
-
Motor
- r:
-
Reduction gears
- t:
-
AMT
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Foundation item: the National High Technology Research and Development Program (863) of China (No. 2006AA11A127)
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Zhang, Pz., Yin, Cl., Zhang, Y. et al. Optimal energy management for a complex hybrid electric vehicle: Tolerating power-loss of motor. J. Shanghai Jiaotong Univ. (Sci.) 14, 476–481 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12204-009-0476-6
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12204-009-0476-6
Key words
- optimal energy management
- hybrid electric vehicle
- control strategy
- equivalent fuel consumption
- power-loss