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Vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers with nanostructures for optical interconnects

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Abstract

Optical interconnects (OIs) are the only solution to fulfil both the requirements on large bandwidth and minimum power consumption of data centers and high-performance computers (HPCs). Vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers (VCSELs) are the ideal light sources for OIs and have been widely deployed. This paper will summarize the progress made on modulation speed, energy efficiency, and temperature stability of VCSELs. Especially VCSELs with surface nanostructures will be reviewed in depth. Such lasers will provide new opportunities to further boost the performance of VCSELs and open a new door for energy-efficient OIs.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Laboratory of Solid-State Optoelectronics Information Technology, Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100083, China

    Anjin Liu

  2. Institute of Solid State Physics, Technische Universität Berlin, Hardenbergstrasse 36, 10623, Berlin, Germany

    Anjin Liu & Dieter Bimberg

  3. King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA)

    Dieter Bimberg

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  1. Anjin Liu
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Anjin Liu received the Bachelor degree in electronics of science and technology in 2006 from Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China, and Ph.D. degree in physical electronics from Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing, in 2011, both with honors.

From 2006 to 2011, he was with Institute of Semiconductors, CAS, and was involved in the research on single-mode VCSELs with surface microstructures. From 2012 to July 2013, he was a Postdoc Fellow in Fraunhofer Heinrich Hertz Institute in Berlin, and worked on polymer OEIC. In August of 2013, he joined the group of Prof. Dieter H. Bimberg in Technische Universität Berlin, and explores surface emitters with surface nanostructures for high-speed modulation and new applications. In 2016, he is appointed as Associate Professor with CAS Pioneer Hundred Talents Program in Institute of Semiconductors, CAS. His research interests include modeling, fabricating, and characterizing passive and active photonic devices. He has authored or coauthored about 50 papers in scientific journals and conference proceedings, and holds 1 filed US patent and 12 issued Chinese patents.

He was the recipients of Special Prize of President Scholarship for Postgraduate Students, CAS (2011), Excellent Doctoral Dissertation Award, CAS (2012), and Alexander von Humboldt Postdoctoral Research Fellowship, Germany (2013).

Dieter H. Bimberg received the Diploma in physics and the Ph.D. degree from Goethe University, Frankfurt, in 1968 and 1971, respectively. From 1972 to 1979, he held a Principal Scientist position at the Max Planck-Institute for Solid State Research in Grenoble/France and Stuttgart. In 1979, he was appointed as Professor of Electrical Engineering, Technical University of Aachen.

In 1981, he was appointed to the Chair of Applied Solid State Physics at Technische Universität Berlin. He was elected in 1990 Excecutive Director of the Solid State Physics Institute at TU Berlin, a position he hold until 2011. In 2004, he founded the Center of Nanophotonics at TU Berlin. From 2006 to 2011, he was the chairman of the board of the German Federal Government Centers of Excellence in Nanotechnologies.

His honors include the Russian State Prize in Science and Technology 2001, his election to the German Academy of Sciences Leopoldina in 2004, to the Russian Academy of Sciences in 2011, and to the US National Academy of Engineering in 2014, as Fellow of the American Physical Society and IEEE in 2004 and 2010, respectively, the Max-Born-Award and Medal 2006, awarded jointly by IoP and DPG, the William Streifer Award of the Photonics Society of IEEE in 2010, the UNESCO Nanoscience Medal 2012, and the Heinrich-Welker-Award and medal in 2015. The University of Lancaster bestowed in 2015 the D.Sc.h.c. to him.

He has authored more than 1200 papers, 25 patents, and 6 books resulting in more than 48000 citations worldwide and a Hirsch factor of 98.

His research interests include the growth and physics of nanostructures and nanophotonic devices, ultrahigh speed and energy efficient photonic devices for future datacom systems, single/entangled photon emitters for quantum cryptography and ultimate nanomemories based on quantum dots.

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Liu, A., Bimberg, D. Vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers with nanostructures for optical interconnects. Front. Optoelectron. 9, 249–258 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12200-016-0611-6

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