Abstract
A new theory for temporal aberrations of dynamic optics by applying the direct integral method is put forward in the present paper. A new definition of temporal aberration is given, in which a certain initial energy of electron emission emitted from a photocathode along the axial direction √ɛ z1(0⩽√ɛ z1⩽√ɛ0max) was taken as a criterion. New expressions of the temporary aberration coefficients in integral forms for the electron optical imaging systems have been deduced. An electrostatic concentric spherical system model is used to test and verify expressions of the coefficients given by the “direct integral method” and “τ variation method”. The analytical solutions prove that both methods are correct and equivalent. Compared to the “τ variation method”, the direct integral method only needs to carry out the integral calculation for the three geometrical temporal aberration coefficients of the second order, which is more convenient and suitable for computation in the practical design. Finally, results of the study for the theory of temporal aberrations of electron optical imaging systems, from the point of view of methodology, have been elaborated.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Monastyrski M A, Schelev M Y. Theory of Temporal Aberrations of Cathode Lenses. Moscow: Lebedeev Institute of Physics, 1980 (in Russian)
Recknagel A. Theorie des elektrisohen elecktronen miktroskops fur selbstrakler. Z Angew Physik, 1941, 117: 689–708 (in German)
Artimovich L A. Electrostatic properties of emission systems. Bulletin of Academy of Sciences, USSR Physics Series, 1944, 8(6): 313–328 (in Russian)
Savoisky Y K. Fanchenko S D. Physical foundation of electron-optical chronograph. Report of Academy of Sciences, USSR, 1956, 108(2): 218–221 (in Russian)
Csorba I P. Chromatic aberration limited image transfer characteristics of image tube lenses of simple geometry. RCA Review, 1970, 31(3): 534–550
Zhou L W, Li Y, Zhang Z Q, et al. Test and verification of temporal aberration theory for electron optical imaging systems by an electrostatic concentric spherical system. Acta Physica Sinica, 2005, 54(8): 3597–3603 (in Chinese)
Zhou L W. Electron Optics with Wide Beam Focusing (Monograph). Beijing: Beijing Institute of Technology Press, 1993 (in Chinese)
Zhou L W, Ai K C, Pan S C. On aberration theory of cathode lenses with combined electromagnetic focusing. Acta Physica Sinica, 1983, 32(3), 376–392 (in Chinese)
Zhou L W. Electron optics of concentric spherical system composed of two electrodes. Focusing and Imaging of Wide Electron Beams—Selected Papers on Electron Optics. Beijing: Beijing Institute of Technology Press, 1994, 11–29 (in Chinese)
Ximen J. Electron-optical properties and aberration theory of combined immersion objectives. Acta Physica Sinica, 1957, 13(4): 339–356 (in Chinese)
Kulikov Y V, Monastyrski M A, Feiding H E. Aberration theory of third order of cathode lenses: aberrations of cathode lenses with combined electric and magnetic fields. Radiotechnics and Electronics, 1978, 23(1): 167–174
Ximen J, Zhou L W, Ai K C. Variation theory of aberrations in cathode lenses. Optik, 1983, 66: 19–34
Zhou L W, Li Y, Zhang Z Q, et al. On the theory of temporal aberrations for cathode lenses. Optik, 2005, 116(4): 175–184
Zhou L W, Li Y, Zhang Z Q, et al. Theory of temporal aberrations for electron optical imaging systems by “Direct Integral Method”. Acta Physica Sinica, 2005, 54(8): 3591–3596 (in Chinese)
Zhou L W, Li Y, Zhang Z Q, et al. On the theory of temporal aberrations for electron optical imaging systems by using “Direct Integral Method”. In: Proceedings of SPIE, 2005, 5580: 710–724
Ruska E. Zur fokussierbarkeit von kathoden-strahlbundeln grosser ausgangsquerchnitte. Z Angew Physik, 1993, 83(9): 684–687 (in German)
Schagen P, Bruining H, Francken J C. A simple electrostatic electron-optical system with only one voltage. Philips Research Reports, 1952, 7(2): 119–130
Zhou L W. Electron optics of concentric spherical electromagnetic focusing systems. Advances in Electronics and Electron Physics, 1979, 52: 119–132
Zhou L W, Monastyrski M A, Schelev M Ya, et al. On the temporal aberration theory of electron optical imaging systems by “τ Variation Method”. Acta Electronica Sinica, 2006, 34(2): 193–197 (in Chinese)
Lai H L, Jin T J. Biography of K. Popper. Shijiazhuang: Hebei People Press, 1998 (in Chinese)
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
__________
Translated from Transactions of Beijing Institute of Technology, 2006, 26(5): 377–382 [译自: 北京理工大学学报]
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Zhou, L. On the theory of temporal aberrations for dynamic electron optics. Front. Optoelectron. China 1, 50–57 (2008). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12200-008-0001-9
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12200-008-0001-9