Abstract
This study revisits the statistical relationship between the spot and the forward rate. Unlike previous studies, this association is measured by the estimation of the long-run correlation coefficient, a non-parametric measure of linear association. This estimator was shown to be equivalent to the Bartlett kernel spectral estimator of the complex coherency at frequency zero. This statistic allows for the measurement of the intensity of correlation. Using data for the £/DM over the May 1992 British General Election and September 1992 ERM devaluation, and for the FF/DM, BEF/DM, AT/DM, and NLG/DM up to the introduction of Euro, the results show that the predictive ability of the forward rate increased.
Similar content being viewed by others
Notes
A summary of these studies is provided in Hodrick (1987).
See Zivot (2000, page 789).
The optimally computed lag-length parameter, k, for the computation of the kernel, is remarkably stable as it assumes the value of unity in the vast majority of the estimation samples. The choice of the alignment parameter, a, varies considerably across samples assuming the value of −3 during the September 1992 devaluation both in the recursive and rolling sample calculations. The computed standard errors display a great deal of stability in the ‘rolling samples’ case.
Rolling estimation yielded qualitatively similar results. These results are not reported to converse space but are available upon request.
References
Albuquerque PH (2001) A simple nonparametric long-run correlation estimator with an application to Latin-American stock returns. University of Winsconsin, Maddison
Baillie R, Bollerslev T (1989) Common stochastic trends in a system of exchange rates. J Finance 44(1):167–181
Barnhart SW, Szakmary AC (1991) Testing the unbiased forward rate hypothesis: evidence on unit roots, co-integration, and stochastic coefficients. J Financ Quant Anal 26:245–267
Barnhart SW, McNown R, Wallace MS (1998) Some answers to puzzles in testing efficiency of the foreign exchange market, Unpublished manuscript, Department of Economics, Clemson University, Clemson, SC
Bilson JFO (1981) The ‘speculative efficiency’ hypothesis. J Bus 54(3):435–451
Bossaerts P (1995) The econometrics of learning in financial markets. Econ Theory 11(1):151–189
Clarida RH, Taylor MP (1997) The term structure of forward exchange premiums and the forecastability of spot exchange artes: correcting the errors. Rev Econ Stat 79:353–361
Cumby RE, Obstfeld M (1984) International interest-rate and price-level linkages under flexible exchange rates: a review of recent evidence. In: Bilson JFO, Marston R (eds) Exchange rates: theory and practice. Chicago University Press, Chicago
Evans MD (1996) Peso problems: their theoretical and empirical implications. In: Maddala GS, Rao CR (eds) Handbook of statistics, Vol. 14. Elsevier Science
Fama E (1984) Forward and spot exchange rates. J Monetary Econ 14(3):319–338
Froot KA, Frankel JA (1989) Forward discount bias: is it an exchange risk premium? Q J Econ 104:139–161
Goodhart CAE, McMahon PC, Ngama YL (1992) Does the forward premium/discount help predict the future change in the exchange rate? Scot J Polit Econ 39(2):129–140
Hai W, Mark N, Wu Y (1997) Understanding spot and forward exchange rate regressions. J Appl Econ 12(6):715–734
Hakkio CS, Rush M (1989) Market efficiency and cointegration: an application to the sterling and deutschemark exchange markets. J Int Money Financ 8(1):75–88
Hodrick RJ (1987) The empirical evidence on the efficiency of forward and futures foreign exchange markets. Harwood, Amsterdam
Lizondo JS (1983) Foreign exchange futures prices under fixed exchange rates. J Int Econ 14:69–84
Luintel KB, Paydal K (1998) Common stochastic trends between forward and spot exchange rates. J Int Money Financ 17:279–297
Naka A, Whitney G (1995) The unbiased forward rate hypothesis re-examined. J Int Money Financ 14:857–867
Newbold PE, Wohar ME, Rayner T, Kellard N, Ennew C (1998) Two puzzles in the analysis of foreign exchange market efficiency. Int Rev Financ Anal 7:95–112
Norrbin SC, Reffett KL (1996) Exogeneity and forward rate unbiasdness. J Int Money Financ 15:267–274
Priestley MB (1981) “Spectral analysis and time series”. Academic Press
Roll R, Yan S (2000) An explanation of the forward premium ‘puzzle’. Eur Financ Manag 6:121–148
Wu Y, Zhang H (1997) Forward premiums as unbiased predictors of future currency depreciation: a nonparametric analysis. J Int Money Financ 16(4):609–623
Zivot E (2000) Cointegration and forward and spot exchange rate regressions. J Int Money Financ 19:785–812
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
We would like to thank an anonymous referee for important comments on a previous version of the paper. The usual disclaimer applies.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Kanas, A., Ioannidis, C. Revisiting the forward—spot relation: an application of the nonparametric long-run correlation coefficient. J Econ Finan 36, 148–161 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12197-010-9135-x
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12197-010-9135-x