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Shear-Mediated Platelet Activation is Accompanied by Unique Alterations in Platelet Release of Lipids

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Abstract

Introduction

Platelet activation by mechanical means such as shear stress exposure, is a vital driver of thrombotic risk in implantable blood-contacting devices used in the treatment of heart failure. Lipids are essential in platelets activation and have been studied following biochemical activation. However, little is known regarding lipid alterations occurring with mechanical shear-mediated platelet activation.

Methods

Here, we determined if shear-activation of platelets induced lipidome changes that differ from those associated with biochemically-mediated platelet activation. We performed high-resolution lipidomic analysis on purified platelets from four healthy human donors. For each donor, we compared the lipidome of platelets that were non-activated or activated by shear, ADP, or thrombin treatment.

Results

We found that shear activation altered cell-associated lipids and led to the release of lipids into the extracellular environment. Shear-activated platelets released 21 phospholipids and sphingomyelins at levels statistically higher than platelets activated by biochemical stimulation.

Conclusions

We conclude that shear-mediated activation of platelets alters the basal platelet lipidome. Further, these alterations differ and are unique in comparison to the lipidome of biochemically activated platelets. Many of the released phospholipids contained an arachidonic acid tail or were phosphatidylserine lipids, which have known procoagulant properties. Our findings suggest that lipids released by shear-activated platelets may contribute to altered thrombosis in patients with implanted cardiovascular therapeutic devices.

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Acknowledgments

We thank Debbie Mustacich for assistance in the initial stages of this project. We also thank the University of Arizona BIO5 Institute Statistics Consulting Lab for helpful discussion. This work was supported by the Arizona Biomedical Research Commission through the Arizona Department of Health Services (ADHS18-198868 to J.G.P.), the National Institute of Health (NIH) (T32HL007955 to A.S. and 5U01HL131052 to D.B. and M.J.S.), BIO5 Institute at the University of Arizona (Pilot Interdisciplinary Project to J.G.P, S.S.S. and M.J.S.). The content is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the views of ADHS and NIH.

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Author notes

  1. Alice Sweedo and Lisa M. Wise—co-first authors

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA

    Alice Sweedo, Fernando Teran Arce, S. Scott Saavedra & Marvin J. Slepian

  2. Department of Immunobiology, University of Arizona, 1656 E. Mabel Street, PO Box 245221, Tucson, AZ, 85724, USA

    Lisa M. Wise & John G. Purdy

  3. BIO5 Institute, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA

    Lisa M. Wise, S. Scott Saavedra, Marvin J. Slepian & John G. Purdy

  4. Department of Medicine, Sarver Heart Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA

    Yana Roka-Moiia, Fernando Teran Arce & Marvin J. Slepian

  5. Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA

    S. Scott Saavedra

  6. Department of Biomedical Engineering, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA

    Jawaad Sheriff, Danny Bluestein & Marvin J. Slepian

  7. Department of Material Sciences and Engineering, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA

    Marvin J. Slepian

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Correspondence to John G. Purdy.

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Alice Sweedo, Lisa M. Wise, Yana Roka-Moiia, Fernando Teran Arce, S. Scott Saavedra, Jawaad Sheriff, Danny Bluestein, Marvin J. Slepian, and John G. Purdy declare that they have no conflicts of interest.

Ethical approval

All human subjects research was carried out in accordance with the University of Arizona Institutional Review Board (IRB) approved protocol (University of Arizona IRB #1810013264). Informed consent was obtained from all donors included in the study. No animal studies were carried out by the authors for this article.

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Supplementary Information

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12195_2021_692_MOESM1_ESM.tif

Platelet lipidomes from individual donors. The number of lipids identified by MS1 analysis are shown for each class of lipids. Supplementary file1 (TIF 444 kb)

12195_2021_692_MOESM2_ESM.tif

Principal component analysis (PCA) of lipids found in all four donors. (a) PCA analysis was performed in Origin Pro for lipids identified in the released and cell-associated fractions in all four donors. Included were Quality Control (QC) samples of lipids extracted from pooled human serum reference material from the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST). (b) PCA of lipids found in the released fraction of all four donors. (c) PCA of lipids found in the cell-associated fraction of all four donors. Supplementary file2 (TIF 726 kb)

12195_2021_692_MOESM3_ESM.tif

Relative fold-change of lipids found in all four donors. The heatmap shows the relative levels of lipids measured in the released fraction of all four donors. The abundance of each lipid observed in the activated-platelet relative to its abundance in the non-activated platelet is shown in color on a log2-scale. The heatmap was hierarchical clustered using Ward's method implemented using the Seaborn library of python. Modes of activation are represented by colored boxes above each column (HSD is represented by red boxes, Thrombin by purple boxes, and ADP by black boxes). The four individual donors are listed at the bottom of the columns. Supplementary file3 (TIF 1023 kb)

12195_2021_692_MOESM4_ESM.tif

Lipids significantly altered by shear activation in three or more donors. Lipids found in the composite platelet lipidome shown in Figure 2B were tested for >2-fold change in relative lipid level and statistical significance (p ≤ 0.05). The levels of the lipid in activated platelets relative to non-activated plates is shown. Lipids significantly downregulated are shown in blue and those upregulated are show in red. Supplementary file4 (TIF 459 kb)

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Some lipid levels are significantly different between HSD-treated shear activation and ADP-treated biochemical activation in the released fraction. Analysis and visualization were done as described in Figure 5. (a) Analysis of lipids in the released fraction. (b) Analysis of lipids in the cell-associated fraction. Supplementary file5 (TIF 826 kb)

MS/MS fragment spectra of unknown lipid 782.57 shown in Figure 7. Supplementary file6 (TIF 575 kb)

Supplementary file7 (XLSX 212 kb)

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Sweedo, A., Wise, L.M., Roka-Moiia, Y. et al. Shear-Mediated Platelet Activation is Accompanied by Unique Alterations in Platelet Release of Lipids. Cel. Mol. Bioeng. 14, 597–612 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12195-021-00692-x

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