Abstract
Metazoan 70 kDa heat shock protein (HSP70) genes have been classified into four lineages: cytosolic A (HSP70cA), cytosolic B (HSP70cB), endoplasmic reticulum (HSP70er), and mitochondria (HSP70m). Because previous studies have identified no HSP70cA genes in vertebrates, we hypothesized that this gene was lost on the evolutionary path to vertebrates. To test this hypothesis, the present study conducted a comprehensive database search followed by phylogenetic and synteny analyses. HSP70cA genes were found in invertebrates and in two of the three subphyla of Chordata, Cephalochordata (lancelets) and Tunicata (tunicates). However, no HSP70cA gene was found in the genomes of Craniata (another subphylum of Chordata; lamprey, hagfish, elephant shark, and coelacanth), suggesting the loss of the HSP70cA gene in the early period of vertebrate evolution. Synteny analysis using available genomic resources indicated that the synteny around the HSP70 genes was generally conserved between tunicates but was largely different between tunicates and lamprey. These results suggest the presence of dynamic chromosomal rearrangement in early vertebrates that possibly caused the loss of the HSP70cA gene in the vertebrate lineage.
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Acknowledgements
The authors are grateful to the M.G. and Lillie A. Johnson Foundation, Victoria, TX, for supporting students involved in this research.
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GK was supported by funding from M.G. and Lillie A. Johnson Foundation, Victoria, TX.
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Conceived and designed the experiments: HE, EY, and GK; performed experiments and data analyses: AM, BIR, MNR, DV, MMC, DOO, ELM, HJDLO, AMG, GGL, EY, and GK; contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: HE and GK: wrote the paper: GK; read and approved the final manuscript: AM, BIR, MNR, DV, MMC, DOO, ELM, HJDLO, AMG, GGL, HE, EY, and GK.
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Merchant, A., Ramirez, B.I., Reyes, M.N. et al. Genomic loss of the HSP70cA gene in the vertebrate lineage. Cell Stress and Chaperones 28, 1053–1067 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12192-023-01370-9
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12192-023-01370-9