Abstract
The study aimed to evaluate the parameters of lipid peroxidation and antioxidant protection, biochemical parameters, and cortisol and adrenaline content in the blood of students depending on the effect of exam stress. A total of 135 healthy students (72 female (53.3%) and 63 male (46.7%)) aged from 19 to 21 years (mean age 20.16 ± 0.42 years) of the experimental group underwent detailed medical screening and examination before the inclusion in the study. The control group consisted of 30 healthy students (17 female (56.7%) and 13 male (43.3%)) of corresponding age (mean age 20.23 ± 0.54 years), whose medical examination was performed during breaks in the absence of any stress factors. The blood parameters of the experimental group were investigated 1 h before, 1 h after, and 24 h after the exam. The cortisol content in the blood of experimental group students significantly increased 1.37 times (p < 0.05) an hour before the exam and 1.32 times (p < 0.05) an hour after; adrenalin content in blood increased 1.76 times (p < 0.05) and 1.49 times (p < 0.05), respectively. Compared to the control group, intensification of lipid peroxidation processes with a 1.51-fold (p < 0.05) increase in erythrocyte malonic aldehyde content in blood 1 h before and 1.42-fold (p < 0.05) increase an hour after the exam was observed in students due to the effect of exam stress.. Changes in hormonal homeostasis, activation of lipoperoxidation processes with the development of oxidative stress, and the disintegration of antioxidant protection factors are typical for academic stress in students.
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25 April 2023
This article has been retracted. Please see the Retraction Notice for more detail: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12192-023-01345-w
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All authors contributed to the study’s development and design. Material preparation, data collection, and analysis were performed by Ahmed Al Qteishat and Dmitry O. Bokov. Ahmed Al Qteishat wrote the first draft of the manuscript, and other authors amended it. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.
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The authors declare that the work is written with due consideration of ethical standards. The study was conducted following the ethical principles approved by the Ethics Committee of Al-Ahliyya Amman University (Protocol No. 4 of 22 Mar 2018).
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Al Qteishat, A., Gabriyanchik, M.A. & Bokov, D.O. RETRACTED ARTICLE: Changes in parameters of biochemical and oxidative stress in university students during and after examinations. Cell Stress and Chaperones 26, 811–817 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12192-021-01221-5
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12192-021-01221-5