Abstract
Recent work was conducted to predict the structure of functionally distinct regions of Avicennia marina peroxidase (AP) by using the structural coordinates of barley grains peroxidase as the template. This enzyme is utilized by all living organisms in many biosynthetic or degradable processes and in defense against oxidative stress. The homology model showed some distinct structural changes in the heme, calcium, and substrate-binding regions. Val53 was found to be an important coordinating residue between distal calcium ion and the distal heme site while Ser176 is coordinated to the proximal histidine through Ala174 and Leu172. Different ionic and hydrogen-bonded interactions were also observed in AP. Analyses of various substrate–enzyme interactions revealed that the substrate-binding pocket is provided by the residues, His41, Phe70, Gly71, Asp138, His139, and Lys176; the later three residues are not conserved in the peroxidase family. We have also performed structural comparison of the A. marina peroxidase with that of two class III salt-sensitive species, peanut and soybean. Four loop regions were found to have largest structural deviation. The overall protein sequence was also analyzed for the presence of probable post-translational modification sites and the functional significance of these sites were outlined.
Similar content being viewed by others
Abbreviations
- AP:
-
Avicennia marina peroxidase
- BGP:
-
Barley grain peroxidase
- PNP:
-
Peanut peroxidase
- SBP:
-
Soybean peroxidase
- HRP:
-
Horseradish peroxidase
- BHA:
-
Benzhydroxamate
- FCN:
-
Ferulic acid-cyanide
- FA:
-
Formic acid
- CO:
-
Carbon monoxide
- TRIS:
-
Tris (hydroxy methyl) aminomethane
References
Agostini E, Coniglio MS, Milrad SR, Tigier HA, Giulietti AM (2003) Phytoremediation of 2,4-dichlorophenol by Brassica napus hairy root cultures. Biotechnol Appl Biochem 37:139–144
Almagro L, Gómez Ros LV, Belchi-Navarro S, Bru R, Ros Barcel A, Pedreño MA (2009) Class III peroxidases in plant defence reactions. J Exp Botany 60:377–390
Altschul SF, Madden TL, Schaffer AA, Zhang J, Zhang Z, Miller W, Lipman DJ (1997) Gapped BLAST and PSI-BLAST: a new generation of protein database search programs. Nucleic Acids Res 25:3389–3402
Bairoch A, Apweiler R, Wu CH, Barker WC, Boeckmann B, Ferro S, Gasteiger E, Huang H, Lopez R, Magrane M, Martin MJ, Natale DA, O'Donovan C, Redaschi N, Yeh LS (2005) The universal protein resource (UniProt). Nucleic Acids Res 33:D154–D159
Bao L, Shengwu M, van Huystee RB (2001) The effects of the site-directed removal of N-glycosylation from cationic peanut peroxidase on its function. Arch Biochem Biophys 386:17–24
Bause E (1983) Structural requirements of N-glycosylation of proteins studies with proline peptides as conformational probes. Biochem J 209:331–336
Berglund GI, Carlsson GH, Smith AT, Szo¨ke H, Henriksen A, Hajdu J (2002) The catalytic pathway of horseradish peroxidase at high resolution. Nature 417:463–468
Berman HM, Battistuz T, Bhat TN, Bluhm WF, Bourne PE, Burkhardt K, Feng Z, Gilliland GL, Iype L, Jain S, Fagan P, Marvin J, Padilla D, Ravichandran V, Schneider B, Thanki N, Weissig H, Westbrook JD, Zardecki C (2002) The protein data bank. Acta Crystallogr D Biol Crystallogr 58:899–907
Bradbury AF, Smyth DG (1987) Biosynthesis of the C-terminal amide in peptide hormones. Biosci Rep 7:907–916
Carlsson GH, Nicholls P, Svistunenko D, Berglund GI, Hajdu J (2005) Complexes of horseradish peroxidase with formate, acetate, and carbon monoxide. Biochemistry 44:635–642
Chinea RG, Lopez N, Pons T, Vriend G (1998) Homology modeling, model and software evaluation: three related resources. CABIOS 14:523–528
Cosio C, Dunand C (2009) Specific functions of individual class III peroxidase genes. J Exp Bot 60:391–408
Costa MMR, Hilliou F, Duarte P, Pereira LG, Almeida I, Leech M, Memelink J, Barcelo AR, Sottomayor M (2008) Molecular cloning and characterization of a vacuolar class III peroxidase involved in the metabolism of anticancer alkaloids in Catharanthus roseus. Plant Physiol 146:403–417
Dalton DA (1991) Ascorbate peroxidases. Peroxidases in chemistry and biology. CRC, Boca Raton, pp 139–153
Felsenstein J (1989) PHYLIP—phylogeny inference package (Version 367). Cladistics 5:164–166
Gajhede M, Schuller DJ, Henriksen A, Smith AT, Poulos TL (1997) Crystal structure of horseradish peroxidase C at 2.15 Å resolution. Nat Struct Biol 4:1032–1038
Guex N, Peitsch MC (1997) SWISS-MODEL and the Swiss-PdbViewer: an environment for comparative protein modeling. Electrophoresis 18:2714–2723
Hayashi Y, Yamada H, Yamazaki I (1976) Heme-linked proton dissociation of carbon monoxide complexes of myoglobin and peroxidase. Biochim Biophys Acta 427:608–616
Henriksen A, Mirza O, Indiani C, Teilium K, Smulevich G, Welinder KG, Gajhede M (2001) Structure of soybean seed coat peroxidase: a plant peroxidase with unusual stability and haem-apoprotein interactions. Protein Sci 10:108–115
Henriksen A, Schuller DJ, Meno K, Welinder KG, Smith AT, Gajhede M (1998a) Structural interactions between horseradish peroxidase C and the substrate benzhydroxamic acid determined by X-ray crystallography. Biochemistry 37:8054–8060
Henriksen A, Smith AT, Gajhede M (1999) The structures of the horseradish peroxidase C-ferulic acid complex and the ternary complex with cyanide suggest how peroxidases oxidize small phenolic substrates. J Biol Chem 274:35005–35011
Henriksen A, Welinder KG, Gajhede M (1998b) Structure of barley grain peroxidase refined at 19-Å resolution. J Biol Chem 273:2241–2248
Howe K, Bateman A, Durbin R (2002) QuickTree: building huge neighbour-Joining trees of protein sequences. Bioinformatics 18:1546–1547
Howes BD, Rodriguez-Lopez JN, Smith AT, Smulevich G (1997) Mutation of distal residues of horseradish peroxidase: influence on substrate binding and cavity properties. Biochemistry 36:1532–1543
Hrabak EM (2000) Calcium-dependent protein kinase and their relatives. In: Krie M, Walker J (eds) Advances in botanical research incorporating advances in plant pathology. Academic, New York, pp 185–223
Koua D, Cerutti L, Falquet L, Sigrist CJ, Theiler G, Hulo N, Dunand C (2009) PeroxiBase: a database with new tools for peroxidase family classification. Nucleic Acids Res 37:D261–D266
Kumar S, Jaggi M, Taneja J, Sinha AK (2011) Cloning and characterization of two new Class III peroxidase genes from Catharanthus roseus. Plant Physiol Biochem 49:404–412
Laberge M, Huang Q, Stenner RS, Fidy J (2003) The endogenous calcium ions of horseradish peroxidase C are required to maintain the functional nonplanarity of the heme. Biophys J 84:2542–2552
Laskowski RA, McAurthur MW, Moss DS, Thornton JM (1993) PROCHECK: a program to check the stereochemical quality of protein structures. J Appl Cryst 26:283–291
Lavid N, Schwartz A, Yarden O, Tel-Or E (2001) The involvement of polyphenols and peroxidase activities in heavy-metal accumulation by epidermal glands of the waterlily (Nymphaeaceae). Planta 212:323–331
Morishima I, Kurono M, Shiro Y (1986) Presence of endogenous calcium ion in horseradish peroxidase. J Biol Chem 261:9391–9399
Obenauer JC, Cantley LC, Yaffe MB (2003) Scansite 20: proteome-wide prediction of cell signaling interactions using short sequence motifs. Nucleic Acids Res 31:3635–3641
Passardi F, Longet D, Penel C, Dunand C (2004) The class III peroxidase multigene family in rice and its evolution in land plants. Phytochemistry 6:1879–1893
Passardi F, Theiler G, Zamocky M, Cosio C, Rouhier N, Teixera F, Margis-Pinheiro M, Ioannidis V, Penel C, Falquet L, Dunand C (2007) PeroxiBase: the peroxidase database. Phytochemistry 68:1605–1611
Reddy CA, D'Souza TM (1994) Physiology and molecular biology of the lignin peroxidases of Phanerochaete chrysosporium. FEMS Microbiol Rev 13:137–152
Sali A, Blundell TL (1993) Comparative protein modelling by satisfaction of spatial restraints. J Mol Biol 234:779–815
Schullar DJ, Ban N, Huystee RB, Mcpherson A, Poulos TL (1996) The crystal structure of peanut peroxidase. Structure 4:311–321
Sippl MJ (1993) Recognition of errors in three-dimensional structures of proteins. Proteins 17:355–362
Sundaramoorthy M, Kishi K, Gold MH, Poulos TL (1994) The crystal structure of manganese peroxidase from Phanerochaete chrysosporium at 206 Å resolution. J Biol Chem 269:32759–32767
Tams JW, Welinder KG (1998) Glycosylation and thermodynamic versus kinetic stability of horseradish peroxidase. FEBS Lett 421:234–236
Thompson JD, Gibson TJ, Plewniak F, Jeanmougin F, Higgins DG (1997) The CLUSTAL_X windows interface: flexible strategies for multiple sequence alignment aided by quality analysis tools. Nucleic Acids Res 25:4876–4882
Veitch NC (2004) Horseradish peroxidase: a modern view of a classic enzyme. Phytochemistry 65:249–250
Watanabe L, de Moura PR, Bleicher L, Nascimento AS, Zamorano LS, Calvete JJ, Sanz L, Pérez A, Bursakov S, Roig MG, Shnyrov VL, Polikarpov I (2010) Crystal structure and statistical coupling analysis of highly glycosylated peroxidase from royal palm tree (Roystonea regia). J Struct Biol 169:226–242
Welinder KG (1991) Bacterial catalase-peroxidases are gene duplicated members of the plant peroxidase superfamily. Biochim Biophys Acta 1080:215–220
Welinder KG, Justesen AF, Kjærsgård IVH, Jensen RB, Rasmussen SK, Jespersen HM, Duroux L (2002) Structural diversity and transcription of class III peroxidases from Arabidopsis thaliana. Eur J Biochem 269:6063–6081
Wiederstein M, Sippl MJ (2007) ProSA-web: interactive web service for the recognition of errors in three-dimensional structures of proteins. Nucleic Acids Res 35:W407–W410
Wittenberg BA, Antonini E, Brunori M, Noble RW, Wittenberg JB, Wymann J (1967) Studies on the equilibria and kinetics of the reactions of peroxidases with ligands. The dissociation of carbon monoxide from carbon monoxide ferro-horseradish peroxidase. Biochemistry 6:1970–1974
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Jabeen, U., Abbasi, A. & Salim, A. Predicting the functionally distinct residues in the heme, cation, and substrate-binding sites of peroxidase from stress-tolerant mangrove specie, Avicennia marina . Cell Stress and Chaperones 16, 585–605 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12192-011-0269-3
Received:
Revised:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12192-011-0269-3