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Unfolding the relationship between secreted molecular chaperones and macrophage activation states

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Cell Stress and Chaperones Aims and scope

Abstract

Over the last 20 years, it has emerged that many molecular chaperones and protein-folding catalysts are secreted from cells and function, somewhat in the manner of cytokines, as pleiotropic signals for a variety of cells, with much attention being focused on the macrophage. During the last decade, it has become clear that macrophages respond to bacterial, protozoal, parasitic and host signals to generate phenotypically distinct states of activation. These activation states have been termed ‘classical’ and ‘alternative’ and represent not a simple bifurcation in response to external signals but a range of cellular phenotypes. From an examination of the literature, the hypothesis is propounded that mammalian molecular chaperones are able to induce a wide variety of alternative macrophage activation states, and this may be a system for relating cellular or tissue stress to appropriate macrophage responses to restore homeostatic equilibrium.

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Acknowledgments

BH acknowledges financial support from the Wellcome Trust. SH is grateful to Professor Salvador Moncada, The Wolfson Institute for Biomedical Research, University College London, for financial support. We would like to thank the referees for providing incisive comments and to one of the referees for his suggestion that non-folding stress proteins may also play a role in modulating cell behaviour.

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  1. Division of Microbial Diseases, UCL Eastman Dental Institute, University College London, 256 Gray’s Inn Road, London, WC1X 8LD, UK

    Brian Henderson

  2. Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK

    Samantha Henderson

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Correspondence to Brian Henderson.

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Henderson, B., Henderson, S. Unfolding the relationship between secreted molecular chaperones and macrophage activation states. Cell Stress and Chaperones 14, 329–341 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12192-008-0087-4

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12192-008-0087-4

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