Abstract
Children’s ability to influence their own lives begins with awareness and knowledge of their rights. This ability is then strengthened with the perception that their rights are respected. Identifying the factors that affect these components of rights acquisition is crucial to promote children’s agency and growth into active citizenship. This article details a study on 8-year-old children’s understanding of their rights and their opinions about respect for their rights in 16 countries using the International Survey of Children’s Well-Being (ISCWeB). Multivariate linear regression models were constructed to study the correlates of children’s rights outcomes. Within the study sample (N = 17.369), a minority of the children were aware of children’s rights and knew about the rights they had. However, the majority of the children felt that their rights were respected. Children’s responses showed great variation by country in every dimension of the investigated rights. Depending on the country, children’s rights outcomes were most powerfully explained by three indicators: family deprivation and home and school climates. The lower the deprivation score was and the stronger the perceptions of being heard at home and school were, the more aware children were, the more knowledge they had, and the more respect for children’s rights from adults they perceived.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Ahokas, L., Tykkyläinen, S., & Wilhelmsson, N. (2010). Democratic innovations as solutions to challenges of modern democracies. In L. Ahokas, S. Tykkyläinen, & N. Wilhelmsson (Eds.), Practicing participation. Exchanging good practices for the promotion of an active citizenship in the European Union (pp. 14–26). Tampereen Yliopistopaino Oy Juvenes Print: Tampere.
Alanen, L. (2010). EDITORIAL: Taking children’s rights seriously. Childhood, 17(1), 5–8.
Akengin, H. (2008). A comparative study on Children’s perception of the child rights in the Turkish community of Turkey and northern Cyprus. Education, 129(2), 224–238.
Backe-Hansen, E. (2015). Children’s Worlds National Report, Norway. NOVA. Retrieved from: http://www.isciweb.org/?CategoryID=176&ArticleID=112. 30 May 2017.
Ben-Arieh, A. (2008). The child indicators movement: Past, present and future. Child Indicators Research, 1(1), 3–16.
Bernal, J., Giraldo, Y. N., & Roldan, O. (2015) Children’s Worlds National Report, Colombia. International Centre for Education and Human Development CINDE. Retrieved from: http://www.isciweb.org/?CategoryID=176&ArticleID=112. 30 May 2017.
Biggeri, M., Ballet, J., & Comim, F. (2011). Children and the capability approach. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan.
Bonvin, J.- M., & Stoecklin, D. (2014). Introduction. In D. Stoecklin & J.-M. Bonvin (Eds.), Children’s Rights and the Capability Approach, Challenges and Prospects (pp. 1–17). Dordrecht: Springer.
Camfield, L., Streuli, N., & Woodhouse, M. (2009). What’s the use of well-being in the context of child poverty? International Journal of Children’s Rights, 17(1), 65–109.
Casas, F., Saporiti, A., González, M., Figuer, C., Rostan, C., Sadurní, M., Alsinet, C., Gusó, M., Grignoli, D., Mancini, A., Ferrucci, F., & Rago, M. (2006). Children’s rights from the point of view of children, their parents and their teachers: A comparative study between Catalonia (Spain) and Il Molise (Italy). The International Journal of Children’s Rights, 14(1), 1–75.
Covell, K. (2014). Awareness, learning and education in human rights. In A. Mihr & M. Gibney (Eds.), The SAGE Handbook of Human Rights (Vol. 1, pp. 821–839). London: SAGE Publications Ltd.
Currie, C., Molcho, M., Boyce, W., Holstein, B., Torsheim, T., & Richter, M. (2008). Researching health inequalities in adolescents: The development of the health behaviour in school-aged children (HBSC). Family affluence scale. Social Science & Medicine, 66, 1429–1436.
Doek, J. E. (2011). The CRC: Dynamics and directions of monitoring and implementation. In A. Invernizzi & J. Williams (Eds.), The human rights of children: From visions to implementation (pp. 99–116). Farnham: Ashgate.
The European Intelligence Unit EIU (2016). Revenge of the “deplorables”. Retrieved from www.eiu.com. 12 April 2017.
Finnish National Board of Education (2016). Curriculum reform in Finland. Retrieved from: http://www.oph.fi/ops2016/perusteet. 1 Oct 2017.
Flowers, N. (Ed.). (2009). COMPASITO. Manual on Human Rights Education for Children, 2nd edn. Budabest: Council of Europe. Retrieved from www.eycb.coe.int/compasito/pdf/Compasito%20EN.pdf.
Freeman, M. (2011). Why it remains important to take Children’s rights seriously. In M. Freeman (Ed.), Children’s rights: Progress and perspectives. Essays from the international journal of Children’s rights (pp. 5–25). Koninklijke Brill NV: Leiden.
Gerber, P. (2008). From convention to classroom: The long road to human rights education. Measuring states’ compliance with international law obligations mandating human rights education. PhD thesis. Saarbrücken: VDM Verlag Dr. Mϋller Aktiengesellschaft & Co.
Goodale, M., & Merry, S. (2007). The practice of human rights: Tracking law between the global and the local. New York: Cambridge University Press.
Grover, S. (2005). Advocacy by children as a causal factor in promoting resilience. Childhood, 12, 527–538.
Harcourt, D., & Hägglund, S. (2013). Turning the UNCRC upside down: A bottom-up perspective on children's rights. International Journal of Early Years Education, 21(4), 286–299.
Jerome, L., Emerson, L., Lundy, L., & Orr, K. (2015). Teaching and learning about child rights: A study of implementation in 26 countries. Vancouver: UNICEF.
Jiang, X., Kosher, H., Ben-Arieh, A., & Huebner, E. S. (2014). Children’s rights, school psychology, and well-being assessments. Social Indicators Research, 117, 179–193.
Joo, B., Ahn, L. J., Yoo, J., & Kim, S. S. (2015). Children’s Worlds National Report, South Korea. Seoul National University. Retrieved from: http://www.isciweb.org/?CategoryID=176&ArticleID=112. 30 May 2017.
Kaplan, R. M., Chambers, D. A., & Glasgow, R. (2014). Big data and large sample size: A cautionary note on the potential for bias. Clinical and Translational Science, 7(4), 342–346.
Kerr, D., Sturman, L., Schulz, W., & Burge, B. (2010). ICCS 2009 European Report. Civic knowledge, attitudes, and engagement among lower-secondary students in 24 European countries. International Association for the Evaluation of Educational Achievement (IEA). Netherlands: MultiCopy Netherlands b.v.
Kilkelly, U., & Lundy, L. (2006). The convention on the rights of the child: Its use as an auditing tool. Child and. Family Law Quarterly, 18(3), 331–350.
Lundy, L. (2014). United Nations convention on the rights of the child and child well-being. In A. Ben-Arieh, F. Casas, I. Frønes, & J. E. Korbin (Eds.), Handbook of child well-being: Theories, methods and policies in global perspective (pp. 2439–2462). New York: Springer.
Mayall, B. (2015). The sociology of childhood and children’s rights. In W. Vandenhole, E. Desmet, D. Reynaert, & S. Lembrechts (Eds.), Routledge International Handbook of Children’s Rights Studies (pp. 77–93). Abington: Routledge.
Melton, G. B. (1980). Children´s concepts of their rights. Journal of Clinical Child Psychology, 9, 186–190.
Merikivi, J., & Myllyniemi, S. (Eds.). (2016). Media hanskassa. Lasten ja nuorten vapaa-aikatutkimus 2016 mediasta ja liikunnasta, A grip on media – A study of children’s and young people’s leisure activities in 2016, with an emphasis on media and physical activities. Nuorisotutkimusseura: Helsinki.
Mihr, A. (2009). Global human rights awareness, education and democratization. Journal of Human Rights, 8, 177–189.
Peterson-Badali, M., & Ruck, M. D. (2008). Studying children’s perspectives on self-determination and nurturance rights: Issues and challenges. Journal of Social Issues, 64, 749–769.
Peugh, J. L. (2010). A practical guide to multilevel modelling. Journal of School Psychology, 48(1), 85–112.
Qualitative Eurobarometer (2010). The rights of the child 2010. Aggregate Report. Conducted by TNS Qual+ at the request of Directorate-General for Justice and coordinated by Directorate-General for Communication.
Qvortrup, J. (1994). Childhood matters: An introduction. In J. Qvortrup, M. Bardy, G. Sgritta, & H. Wintersberger (Eds.), Childhood matters: Social theory, practice and politics (pp. 1–24). Farnham: Ashgate.
Rees, G. (2017). Children’s views on their lives and well-being: Findings from the Children’s worlds project. Cham: Springer International Publishing.
Rees, G., & Main, G. (Eds.). (2015). Children’s views on their lives and well-being in 15 countries: An initial report on the Children’s worlds survey, 2013–14. Children’s Worlds Project (ISCWeB): York.
Reynaert, D., Desmet, E., Lembrechts, S., & Vandenhole, W. (2015). Introduction: A critical approach to children’s rights. In W. Vandenhole, E. Desmet, D. Reynaert, & S. Lembrechts (Eds.), Routledge international handbook of Children’s rights studies (pp. 1–23). New York: Routledge.
Smith, A. B. (2007). Children and young people’s participation in rights education. International Journal of Children’s Rights, 15, 147–164.
Seppänen, P., Rinne, R., & Riipinen, P. (2012). Yläkouluvalinnat, koulujen suosio, ja perheiden sosiaalinen asema – Lohkoutuuko perusopetus kaupungeissa? [school choice, school popularity, and family’s social status – Does the basic education fragment in Finnish cities?]. Kasvatus, 43(3), 226–243.
Therborn, G. (1993). The Politics of Childhood: The Rights of Children in Modern Times. In F. Castles & Francis (Eds.), Families of Nations. Patterns of Public Policy in Western Democracies (pp. 241–291). Aldershot: Darmouth.
Torney-Purta, J. (1982). Socialization and human rights research: Implications for teachers. In M. Branson & J. Torney-Purta (Eds.), International human rights, society and the schools (pp. 71–80). Washington, D. C: National Council for the Social Studies.
Torney-Purta, J., Schwille, J., & Amadeo, J. (1999). Civic education across countries: Twenty-four national case studies from the IEA Civic Education Project. Amsterdam and Washington, D.C.: IEA and National Council for Social Studies.
Townsend, P., Phillimore, P., & Beattie, A. (1988). Health and deprivation: Inequality and the north. London: Croom Helm.
UNICEF. (2014). Child rights education toolkit: Rooting child rights in early childhood education, primary and secondary schools. Geneva: UNICEF Private Fundraising and Partnerships Division.
United Nation (1989). UN convention on the rights of the child. Retrieved from: http//www.2.ohchr.org/English/law/crc.htm. 15 March 2017.
United Nations Committee on the Rights of the Child (2009). General comment no. 12, The right of the child to be heard (CRC/C/GC/12). Geneva: United Nations.
af Ursin, P.-K. (2016). Explaining Cultural Participation in Childhood. Applying the Theory of Planned Behavior to German and Finnish Primary School Children. Doctoral dissertation. Annales Universitatis Turkuensis. Ser. B 423. University of Turku.
af Ursin, P., & Haanpää, L. (2012). Nuorten osallistuminen luupin alla. Kyselytutkimus lounaissuomalaisten nuorten yhteiskunnallisesta vaikuttamisesta [Youth participation in focus. A survey of societal participation of youth in South-West Finland]. Nuorisotutkimus, 30(1), 54–69.
White, C., Bruce, S., & Ritchie, J. (2000). Young people’s politics. Political interest and engagement amongst 14–24 year olds, Published for the Joseph Rowntree Foundation by YPS. York: York Publishing Services Ltd..
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
Conflict of Interests
All the authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
af Ursin, PK., Haanpää, L. A Comparative Study on Children’s Rights Awareness in 16 Countries. Child Ind Res 11, 1425–1443 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12187-017-9508-1
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12187-017-9508-1